{"info":"OnThisDay API","date":"December_25","updated":"1771896673","data":{"Events":[ {"text":"36 – Forces of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han, under the command of Wu Han, conquer the separatist Chengjia empire, reuniting China.[1]","html":"36 – Forces of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han, under the command of Wu Han, conquer the separatist Chengjia empire, reuniting China.[1]","links":{"0":{"0":"36","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_36","2":"36"},"1":{"0":"Emperor Guangwu","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu","2":"Emperor Guangwu"},"2":{"0":"Eastern Han","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Han","2":"Eastern Han"},"3":{"0":"Wu Han","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Han_(Han_dynasty)","2":"Wu Han"},"4":{"0":"Chengjia","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengjia","2":"Chengjia"}}},{"text":"274 – A temple to Sol Invictus is dedicated in Rome by Emperor Aurelian.[2]","html":"274 – A temple to Sol Invictus is dedicated in Rome by Emperor Aurelian.[2]","links":{"0":{"0":"274","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/274","2":"274"},"1":{"0":"temple","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_the_Sun_(Rome)","2":"temple"},"2":{"0":"Sol Invictus","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Invictus","2":"Sol Invictus"},"3":{"0":"Rome","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome","2":"Rome"},"4":{"0":"Aurelian","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurelian","2":"Aurelian"}}},{"text":"333 – Roman Emperor Constantine the Great elevates his youngest son Constans to the rank of Caesar.[3]","html":"333 – Roman Emperor Constantine the Great elevates his youngest son Constans to the rank of Caesar.[3]","links":{"0":{"0":"333","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/333","2":"333"},"1":{"0":"Constantine the Great","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great","2":"Constantine the Great"},"2":{"0":"Constans","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Constans","2":"Constans"},"3":{"0":"Caesar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_(title)","2":"Caesar"}}},{"text":"336 – First documented sign of Christmas celebration in Rome.[4]","html":"336 – First documented sign of Christmas celebration in Rome.[4]","links":{"0":{"0":"336","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/336","2":"336"},"1":{"0":"Christmas","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas","2":"Christmas"}}},{"text":"350 – Vetranio meets Constantius II at Naissus (Serbia) and is forced to abdicate his imperial title. Constantius allows him to live as a private citizen on a state pension.[5]","html":"350 – Vetranio meets Constantius II at Naissus (Serbia) and is forced to abdicate his imperial title. 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– The coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, in Rome.[7]","html":"800 – The coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor, in Rome.[7]","links":{"0":{"0":"800","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/800","2":"800"},"1":{"0":"Charlemagne","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne","2":"Charlemagne"},"2":{"0":"Holy Roman Emperor","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor","2":"Holy Roman Emperor"}}},{"text":"820 – Eastern Emperor Leo V is murdered in a church[8] of the Great Palace of Constantinople by followers of Michael II.[9]","html":"820 – Eastern Emperor Leo V is murdered in a church[8] of the Great Palace of Constantinople by followers of Michael II.[9]","links":{"0":{"0":"820","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/820","2":"820"},"1":{"0":"Leo V","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian","2":"Leo V"},"2":{"0":"church","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Virgin_of_the_Pharos","2":"church"},"3":{"0":"Great 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Danelaw and is proclaimed king of England.[11]","links":{"0":{"0":"1013","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1013","2":"1013"},"1":{"0":"Sweyn Forkbeard","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard","2":"Sweyn Forkbeard"},"2":{"0":"Danelaw","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw","2":"Danelaw"},"3":{"0":"England","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_England","2":"England"}}},{"text":"1025 – Coronation of Mieszko II Lambert as king of Poland.","html":"1025 – Coronation of Mieszko II Lambert as king of Poland.","links":{"0":{"0":"1025","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1025","2":"1025"},"1":{"0":"Mieszko II Lambert","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieszko_II_Lambert","2":"Mieszko II Lambert"}}},{"text":"1046 – Henry III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement II.[12]","html":"1046 – Henry III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement II.[12]","links":{"0":{"0":"1046","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1046","2":"1046"},"1":{"0":"Henry 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S. Bach leads the first performance of Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ, BWV 91, in Leipzig, based on Luther's 1524 Christmas hymn.[20]","html":"1724 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ, BWV 91, in Leipzig, based on Luther's 1524 Christmas hymn.[20]","links":{"0":{"0":"1724","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1724","2":"1724"},"1":{"0":"J. S. Bach","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach","2":"J. S. Bach"},"2":{"0":"Leipzig","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig","2":"Leipzig"},"3":{"0":"Christmas hymn","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelobet_seist_du,_Jesu_Christ","2":"Christmas hymn"}}},{"text":"1725 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of the Christmas cantata Unser Mund sei voll Lachens, BWV 110, making laughter audible in singing.[21]","html":"1725 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of the Christmas cantata Unser Mund sei voll Lachens, BWV 110, making laughter audible in singing.[21]","links":{"0":{"0":"1725","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1725","2":"1725"},"1":{"0":"J. S. Bach","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach","2":"J. S. Bach"},"2":{"0":"Christmas cantata","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_cantata","2":"Christmas cantata"}}},{"text":"1758 – Halley's Comet is sighted by Johann Georg Palitzsch, confirming Edmund Halley's prediction of its passage. This was the first passage of a comet predicted ahead of time.[22]","html":"1758 – Halley's Comet is sighted by Johann Georg Palitzsch, confirming Edmund Halley's prediction of its passage. 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Samuel Marsden holds the first Christian service on land in New Zealand at Rangihoua Bay.[27]","html":"1814 – Rev. Samuel Marsden holds the first Christian service on land in New Zealand at Rangihoua Bay.[27]","links":{"0":{"0":"1814","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1814","2":"1814"},"1":{"0":"Samuel Marsden","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Marsden","2":"Samuel Marsden"},"2":{"0":"Rangihoua Bay","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangihoua_Bay","2":"Rangihoua Bay"}}},{"text":"1815 – The Handel and Haydn Society, oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.","html":"1815 – The Handel and Haydn Society, oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.","links":{"0":{"0":"1815","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1815","2":"1815"},"1":{"0":"Handel and Haydn Society","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel_and_Haydn_Society","2":"Handel and Haydn Society"}}},{"text":"1826 – The Eggnog Riot at the United States Military Academy concludes after beginning the previous evening.","html":"1826 – The Eggnog Riot at the United States Military Academy concludes after beginning the previous evening.","links":{"0":{"0":"1826","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1826","2":"1826"},"1":{"0":"Eggnog Riot","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggnog_Riot","2":"Eggnog Riot"},"2":{"0":"United States Military Academy","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy","2":"United States Military Academy"}}},{"text":"1831 – The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of Jamaica's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.[28]","html":"1831 – The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of Jamaica's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom.[28]","links":{"0":{"0":"1831","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1831","2":"1831"},"1":{"0":"Great Jamaican Slave Revolt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_War","2":"Great Jamaican Slave Revolt"},"2":{"0":"Jamaica","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica","2":"Jamaica"}}},{"text":"1837 – Second Seminole War: American general Zachary Taylor leads 1,100 troops against the Seminoles at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee.[29]","html":"1837 – Second Seminole War: American general Zachary Taylor leads 1,100 troops against the Seminoles at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee.[29]","links":{"0":{"0":"1837","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1837","2":"1837"},"1":{"0":"Second Seminole War","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Seminole_War","2":"Second Seminole War"},"2":{"0":"Zachary Taylor","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor","2":"Zachary Taylor"},"3":{"0":"Seminoles","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminole","2":"Seminoles"},"4":{"0":"Battle of Lake Okeechobee","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Okeechobee","2":"Battle of Lake Okeechobee"}}},{"text":"1868 – Pardons for ex-Confederates: United States President Andrew Johnson grants an unconditional pardon to all Confederate veterans.[30]","html":"1868 – Pardons for ex-Confederates: United States President Andrew Johnson grants an unconditional pardon to all Confederate veterans.[30]","links":{"0":{"0":"1868","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1868","2":"1868"},"1":{"0":"Pardons for ex-Confederates","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardons_for_ex-Confederates","2":"Pardons for ex-Confederates"},"2":{"0":"Andrew Johnson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson","2":"Andrew Johnson"},"3":{"0":"pardon","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon","2":"pardon"},"4":{"0":"Confederate","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army","2":"Confederate"}}},{"text":"1870 – Wagner's Siegfried Idyll is first performed.[31]","html":"1870 – Wagner's Siegfried Idyll is first performed.[31]","links":{"0":{"0":"1870","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1870","2":"1870"},"1":{"0":"Wagner","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner","2":"Wagner"},"2":{"0":"Siegfried Idyll","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried_Idyll","2":"Siegfried Idyll"}}},{"text":"1914 – World War I: A series of unofficial truces occur across the Western Front to celebrate Christmas.[32]","html":"1914 – World War I: A series of unofficial truces occur across the Western Front to celebrate Christmas.[32]","links":{"0":{"0":"1914","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1914","2":"1914"},"1":{"0":"World War I","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I","2":"World War I"},"2":{"0":"series of unofficial truces","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_truce","2":"series of unofficial truces"},"3":{"0":"Western Front","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)","2":"Western Front"},"4":{"0":"Christmas","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas","2":"Christmas"}}},{"text":"1915 – The National Protection War breaks out against the Empire of China, as military leaders Cai E and Tang Jiyao proclaim the independence of Yunnan and begin a campaign to restore the Republic.[33]","html":"1915 – The National Protection War breaks out against the Empire of China, as military leaders Cai E and Tang Jiyao proclaim the independence of Yunnan and begin a campaign to restore the Republic.[33]","links":{"0":{"0":"1915","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1915","2":"1915"},"1":{"0":"National Protection War","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Protection_War","2":"National Protection War"},"2":{"0":"Empire of China","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)","2":"Empire of China"},"3":{"0":"Cai E","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_E","2":"Cai E"},"4":{"0":"Tang Jiyao","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Jiyao","2":"Tang Jiyao"},"5":{"0":"Yunnan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan","2":"Yunnan"},"6":{"0":"Republic","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)","2":"Republic"}}},{"text":"1927 – B. R. Ambedkar and his followers burn copies of the Manusmriti in Mahad, Maharashtra, to protest its treatment of Dalit people.[34]","html":"1927 – B. R. Ambedkar and his followers burn copies of the Manusmriti in Mahad, Maharashtra, to protest its treatment of Dalit people.[34]","links":{"0":{"0":"1927","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1927","2":"1927"},"1":{"0":"B. R. Ambedkar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar","2":"B. R. 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Nimitz, appointed commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet on December 17,[36] arrives at Pearl Harbor.[37]","links":{"0":{"0":"1941","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1941","2":"1941"},"1":{"0":"Chester W. Nimitz","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz","2":"Chester W. 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It later turns up in Scotland on April 11, 1951.[41]","html":"1950 – The Stone of Scone, traditional coronation stone of British monarchs, is taken from Westminster Abbey by Scottish nationalist students. It later turns up in Scotland on April 11, 1951.[41]","links":{"0":{"0":"1950","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1950","2":"1950"},"1":{"0":"Stone of Scone","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_of_Scone","2":"Stone of Scone"},"2":{"0":"British monarchs","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Monarch","2":"British monarchs"},"3":{"0":"is taken from Westminster Abbey","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_the_Stone_of_Scone_in_1950","2":"is taken from Westminster Abbey"},"4":{"0":"Scottish nationalist","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalism","2":"Scottish nationalist"},"5":{"0":"April 11","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/April_11","2":"April 11"}}},{"text":"1951 – A bomb explodes at the home of Harry T. Moore and Harriette V. S. Moore, early leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, killing Harry instantly and fatally wounding Harriette.[42]","html":"1951 – A bomb explodes at the home of Harry T. Moore and Harriette V. S. Moore, early leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, killing Harry instantly and fatally wounding Harriette.[42]","links":{"0":{"0":"1951","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1951","2":"1951"},"1":{"0":"explodes","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Harry_and_Harriette_Moore","2":"explodes"},"2":{"0":"Harry T. Moore","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_T._Moore","2":"Harry T. Moore"},"3":{"0":"Harriette V. S. Moore","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriette_Moore","2":"Harriette V. S. 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Corporation.","html":"1963 – Turkish Cypriot Bayrak Radio begins transmitting in Cyprus after Turkish Cypriots are forcibly excluded from Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation.","links":{"0":{"0":"1963","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1963","2":"1963"},"1":{"0":"Bayrak","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayrak","2":"Bayrak"},"2":{"0":"Cyprus","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus","2":"Cyprus"},"3":{"0":"Turkish Cypriots","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots","2":"Turkish Cypriots"},"4":{"0":"Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation","2":"Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation"}}},{"text":"1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 performs the first successful Trans-Earth injection (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from Lunar orbit.[43]","html":"1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 performs the first successful Trans-Earth injection (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to 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people.[46]","links":{"0":{"0":"1976","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1976","2":"1976"},"1":{"0":"EgyptAir Flight 864","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_864","2":"EgyptAir Flight 864"},"2":{"0":"Boeing 707-366C","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_707","2":"Boeing 707-366C"},"3":{"0":"Don Mueang International Airport","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Mueang_International_Airport","2":"Don Mueang International Airport"}}},{"text":"1977 – Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin meets in Egypt with its president Anwar Sadat.","html":"1977 – Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin meets in Egypt with its president Anwar Sadat.","links":{"0":{"0":"1977","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1977","2":"1977"},"1":{"0":"Menachem Begin","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin","2":"Menachem Begin"},"2":{"0":"Anwar Sadat","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat","2":"Anwar Sadat"}}},{"text":"1986 – Iraqi Airways Flight 163, a Boeing 737-270C, is hijacked and crashes in Arar, Saudi Arabia, killing 63 people.[47]","html":"1986 – Iraqi Airways Flight 163, a Boeing 737-270C, is hijacked and crashes in Arar, Saudi Arabia, killing 63 people.[47]","links":{"0":{"0":"1986","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1986","2":"1986"},"1":{"0":"Iraqi Airways Flight 163","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Airways_Flight_163","2":"Iraqi Airways Flight 163"},"2":{"0":"Boeing 737-270C","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737","2":"Boeing 737-270C"},"3":{"0":"Arar, Saudi Arabia","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arar,_Saudi_Arabia","2":"Arar, Saudi Arabia"}}},{"text":"1989 – Romanian Revolution: Deposed President of Romania Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife, Elena, are condemned to death and executed after a summary trial.[48]","html":"1989 – Romanian Revolution: Deposed President of Romania Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife, Elena, are condemned to death and executed after a summary trial.[48]","links":{"0":{"0":"1989","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1989","2":"1989"},"1":{"0":"Romanian Revolution","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Revolution","2":"Romanian Revolution"},"2":{"0":"President of Romania","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Romania","2":"President of Romania"},"3":{"0":"Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu","2":"Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu"},"4":{"0":"Elena","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu","2":"Elena"},"5":{"0":"summary trial","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu","2":"summary trial"}}},{"text":"1991 – Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as President of the Soviet Union (the union itself is dissolved the next day). Ukraine's referendum is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union.[49]","html":"1991 – Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as President of the Soviet Union (the union itself is dissolved the next day). Ukraine's referendum is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union.[49]","links":{"0":{"0":"1991","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1991","2":"1991"},"1":{"0":"Mikhail Gorbachev","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev","2":"Mikhail Gorbachev"},"2":{"0":"President of the Soviet Union","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union","2":"President of the Soviet Union"},"3":{"0":"dissolved","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union","2":"dissolved"},"4":{"0":"referendum","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum","2":"referendum"}}},{"text":"1996 – The body of American child beauty queen JonBenét Ramsey was found in her family's Boulder, Colorado, home. Her murder remains unsolved.[50]","html":"1996 – The body of American child beauty queen JonBenét Ramsey was found in her family's Boulder, Colorado, home. Her murder remains unsolved.[50]","links":{"0":{"0":"1996","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1996","2":"1996"},"1":{"0":"JonBen\u00e9t Ramsey was found","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_JonBen%C3%A9t_Ramsey","2":"JonBen\u00e9t Ramsey was found"},"2":{"0":"Boulder, Colorado","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado","2":"Boulder, Colorado"}}},{"text":"1999 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 310, a Yakovlev Yak-42, crashes near Bejuma, Carabobo State, Venezuela, killing 22 people.[51]","html":"1999 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 310, a Yakovlev Yak-42, crashes near Bejuma, Carabobo State, Venezuela, killing 22 people.[51]","links":{"0":{"0":"1999","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1999","2":"1999"},"1":{"0":"Cubana de Aviaci\u00f3n Flight 310","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_Flight_310","2":"Cubana de Aviaci\u00f3n Flight 310"},"2":{"0":"Yakovlev Yak-42","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-42","2":"Yakovlev 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landing.[53]","html":"2003 – The ill-fated Beagle 2 probe, released from the Mars Express spacecraft on December 19, stops transmitting shortly before its scheduled landing.[53]","links":{"0":{"0":"Beagle 2","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_2","2":"Beagle 2"},"1":{"0":"Mars Express","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express","2":"Mars Express"},"2":{"0":"December 19","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/December_19","2":"December 19"}}},{"text":"2004 – The Cassini orbiter releases Huygens probe which successfully landed on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14, 2005.","html":"2004 – The Cassini orbiter releases Huygens probe which successfully landed on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14, 2005.","links":{"0":{"0":"2004","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2004","2":"2004"},"1":{"0":"Saturn","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn","2":"Saturn"},"2":{"0":"Titan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)","2":"Titan"}}},{"text":"2007 – A Siberian tiger named Tatania escapes her exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo and attacks three people, killing one and injuring two more.[54]","html":"2007 – A Siberian tiger named Tatania escapes her exhibit at the San Francisco Zoo and attacks three people, killing one and injuring two more.[54]","links":{"0":{"0":"2007","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2007","2":"2007"},"1":{"0":"Siberian tiger","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_tiger","2":"Siberian tiger"},"2":{"0":"Tatania","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Zoo_tiger_attacks","2":"Tatania"},"3":{"0":"San Francisco Zoo","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Zoo","2":"San Francisco Zoo"}}},{"text":"2012 – An Antonov An-72 plane crashes close to the city of Shymkent, killing 27 people.[55][56]","html":"2012 – An Antonov An-72 plane crashes close to the city of Shymkent, killing 27 people.[55][56]","links":{"0":{"0":"2012","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2012","2":"2012"},"1":{"0":"Antonov An-72","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov_An-72","2":"Antonov 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board.[58]","html":"2016 – A Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 carrying members of the Alexandrov Ensemble crashes into the Black Sea shortly after takeoff, killing all 92 people on board.[58]","links":{"0":{"0":"2016","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2016","2":"2016"},"1":{"0":"Russian Defence Ministry","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)","2":"Russian Defence Ministry"},"2":{"0":"Tupolev Tu-154","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154","2":"Tupolev Tu-154"},"3":{"0":"Alexandrov Ensemble","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble","2":"Alexandrov Ensemble"},"4":{"0":"crashes","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Russian_Defence_Ministry_Tupolev_Tu-154_crash","2":"crashes"},"5":{"0":"Black Sea","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea","2":"Black Sea"}}},{"text":"2019 – Twenty people are killed and thousands are left homeless by Typhoon Phanfone in the Philippines.[59]","html":"2019 – Twenty people are killed and thousands are left homeless by Typhoon Phanfone in the Philippines.[59]","links":{"0":{"0":"2019","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2019","2":"2019"},"1":{"0":"Typhoon Phanfone","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Phanfone_(2019)","2":"Typhoon Phanfone"},"2":{"0":"Philippines","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines","2":"Philippines"}}},{"text":"2020 – An explosion in Nashville, Tennessee, occurs, leaving three civilians in the hospital.[60]","html":"2020 – An explosion in Nashville, Tennessee, occurs, leaving three civilians in the hospital.[60]","links":{"0":{"0":"2020","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2020","2":"2020"},"1":{"0":"explosion in Nashville, Tennessee","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nashville_bombing","2":"explosion in Nashville, Tennessee"}}},{"text":"2021 – The James Webb Space Telescope is launched.[61]","html":"2021 – The James Webb Space Telescope is launched.[61]","links":{"0":{"0":"2021","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2021","2":"2021"},"1":{"0":"James Webb Space 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1445)","links":{"0":{"0":"1424","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1424","2":"1424"},"1":{"0":"Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Stewart,_Dauphine_of_France","2":"Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France"}}},{"text":"1461 – Christina of Saxony, Queen consort of Denmark (died 1521)","html":"1461 – Christina of Saxony, Queen consort of Denmark (died 1521)","links":{"0":{"0":"1461","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1461","2":"1461"},"1":{"0":"Christina of Saxony","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_of_Saxony","2":"Christina of Saxony"}}},{"text":"1490 – Francesco Marinoni, Italian Roman Catholic priest (died 1562)","html":"1490 – Francesco Marinoni, Italian Roman Catholic priest (died 1562)","links":{"0":{"0":"1490","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1490","2":"1490"},"1":{"0":"Francesco Marinoni","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Marinoni","2":"Francesco Marinoni"}}},{"text":"1493 – Antoinette de Bourbon, French noblewoman (died 1583)","html":"1493 – Antoinette de Bourbon, French noblewoman (died 1583)","links":{"0":{"0":"1493","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1493","2":"1493"},"1":{"0":"Antoinette de Bourbon","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoinette_de_Bourbon","2":"Antoinette de Bourbon"}}},{"text":"1505 – Christine of Saxony, German noblewoman (died 1549)","html":"1505 – Christine of Saxony, German noblewoman (died 1549)","links":{"0":{"0":"1505","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1505","2":"1505"},"1":{"0":"Christine of Saxony","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_of_Saxony","2":"Christine of Saxony"}}},{"text":"1564 – Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (died 1629)","html":"1564 – Johannes Buxtorf, German Calvinist theologian (died 1629)","links":{"0":{"0":"1564","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1564","2":"1564"},"1":{"0":"Johannes Buxtorf","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Buxtorf","2":"Johannes Buxtorf"}}},{"text":"1583 – Orlando Gibbons, English organist and composer (died 1625)","html":"1583 – Orlando Gibbons, English organist and composer (died 1625)","links":{"0":{"0":"1583","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1583","2":"1583"},"1":{"0":"Orlando Gibbons","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons","2":"Orlando Gibbons"}}},{"text":"1584 – Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (died 1611)","html":"1584 – Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (died 1611)","links":{"0":{"0":"1584","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1584","2":"1584"},"1":{"0":"Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain","2":"Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain"}}},{"text":"1601 – Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (died 1675)","html":"1601 – Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (died 1675)","links":{"0":{"0":"1601","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1601","2":"1601"},"1":{"0":"Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_I,_Duke_of_Saxe-Gotha","2":"Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha"}}},{"text":"1628 – Noël Coypel, French painter and educator (died 1707)[63]","html":"1628 – Noël Coypel, French painter and educator (died 1707)[63]","links":{"0":{"0":"1628","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1628","2":"1628"},"1":{"0":"No\u00ebl Coypel","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coypel","2":"No\u00ebl Coypel"}}},{"text":"1642 – Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (died 1727)[64]","html":"1642 – Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (died 1727)[64]","links":{"0":{"0":"1642","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1642","2":"1642"},"1":{"0":"Isaac Newton","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton","2":"Isaac Newton"}}},{"text":"1652 – Archibald Pitcairne, Scottish physician, anatomist, and scholar (died 1713)","html":"1652 – Archibald Pitcairne, Scottish physician, anatomist, and scholar (died 1713)","links":{"0":{"0":"1652","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1652","2":"1652"},"1":{"0":"Archibald Pitcairne","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Pitcairne","2":"Archibald Pitcairne"}}},{"text":"1665 – Lady Grizel Baillie, Scottish-English poet and songwriter (died 1746)","html":"1665 – Lady Grizel Baillie, Scottish-English poet and songwriter (died 1746)","links":{"0":{"0":"1665","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1665","2":"1665"},"1":{"0":"Lady Grizel Baillie","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Grizel_Baillie","2":"Lady Grizel Baillie"}}},{"text":"1674 – Thomas Halyburton, Scottish minister and theologian (died 1712)","html":"1674 – Thomas Halyburton, Scottish minister and theologian (died 1712)","links":{"0":{"0":"1674","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1674","2":"1674"},"1":{"0":"Thomas Halyburton","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Halyburton","2":"Thomas Halyburton"}}},{"text":"1686 – Giovanni Battista Somis, Italian violinist and composer (died 1763)[65]","html":"1686 – Giovanni Battista Somis, Italian violinist and composer (died 1763)[65]","links":{"0":{"0":"1686","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1686","2":"1686"},"1":{"0":"Giovanni Battista 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(died 1774)","links":{"0":{"0":"1716","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1716","2":"1716"},"1":{"0":"Johann Jakob Reiske","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Reiske","2":"Johann Jakob Reiske"}}},{"text":"1717 – Pope Pius VI (died 1799)[67]","html":"1717 – Pope Pius VI (died 1799)[67]","links":{"0":{"0":"1717","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1717","2":"1717"},"1":{"0":"Pope Pius VI","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI","2":"Pope Pius VI"}}},{"text":"1728 – Johann Adam Hiller, German composer and conductor (died 1804)[68]","html":"1728 – Johann Adam Hiller, German composer and conductor (died 1804)[68]","links":{"0":{"0":"1728","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1728","2":"1728"},"1":{"0":"Johann Adam Hiller","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Adam_Hiller","2":"Johann Adam Hiller"}}},{"text":"1730 – Filippo Mazzei, Italian-American physician and philosopher (died 1816)[69]","html":"1730 – Filippo Mazzei, Italian-American physician and philosopher (died 1816)[69]","links":{"0":{"0":"1730","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1730","2":"1730"},"1":{"0":"Filippo Mazzei","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Mazzei","2":"Filippo Mazzei"}}},{"text":"1745 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean-French violinist, composer, and conductor (died 1799)[70]","html":"1745 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean-French violinist, composer, and conductor (died 1799)[70]","links":{"0":{"0":"1745","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1745","2":"1745"},"1":{"0":"Chevalier de Saint-Georges","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevalier_de_Saint-Georges","2":"Chevalier de Saint-Georges"}}},{"text":"1757 – Benjamin Pierce, American general and politician, 17th Governor of New Hampshire (died 1839)[71]","html":"1757 – Benjamin Pierce, American general and politician, 17th Governor of New Hampshire (died 1839)[71]","links":{"0":{"0":"1757","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1757","2":"1757"},"1":{"0":"Benjamin 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and poet (died 1859)","links":{"0":{"0":"1776","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1776","2":"1776"},"1":{"0":"Sydney, Lady Morgan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney,_Lady_Morgan","2":"Sydney, Lady Morgan"}}},{"text":"1810 – L. L. Langstroth, American apiarist, clergyman and teacher (died 1895)[72]","html":"1810 – L. L. Langstroth, American apiarist, clergyman and teacher (died 1895)[72]","links":{"0":{"0":"1810","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1810","2":"1810"},"1":{"0":"L. L. Langstroth","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/L._L._Langstroth","2":"L. L. Langstroth"}}},{"text":"1821 – Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founder of the American Red Cross (died 1912)[73]","html":"1821 – Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founder of the American Red Cross (died 1912)[73]","links":{"0":{"0":"1821","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1821","2":"1821"},"1":{"0":"Clara Barton","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Barton","2":"Clara Barton"},"2":{"0":"American Red Cross","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Red_Cross","2":"American Red Cross"}}},{"text":"1825 – Stephen F. Chadwick, American lawyer and politician, 5th Governor of Oregon (died 1895)","html":"1825 – Stephen F. Chadwick, American lawyer and politician, 5th Governor of Oregon (died 1895)","links":{"0":{"0":"1825","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1825","2":"1825"},"1":{"0":"Stephen F. Chadwick","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Chadwick","2":"Stephen F. 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and army scout famous for writing Buzzacott's Masterpiece (died 1947)[75]","links":{"0":{"0":"1861","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1861","2":"1861"},"1":{"0":"Francis Henry Buzzacott","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Henry_Buzzacott","2":"Francis Henry Buzzacott"},"2":{"0":"Buzzacott's Masterpiece","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzzacott%27s_Masterpiece","2":"Buzzacott's Masterpiece"}}},{"text":"1861 – Madan Mohan Malaviya, Indian educator, lawyer, and politician, President of the Indian National Congress (died 1946)","html":"1861 – Madan Mohan Malaviya, Indian educator, lawyer, and politician, President of the Indian National Congress (died 1946)","links":{"0":{"0":"1861","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1861","2":"1861"},"1":{"0":"Madan Mohan Malaviya","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya","2":"Madan Mohan Malaviya"},"2":{"0":"President of the Indian National Congress","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Indian_National_Congress","2":"President 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Rubinstein, Polish-American businesswoman and philanthropist (died 1965)","links":{"0":{"0":"1872","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1872","2":"1872"},"1":{"0":"Helena Rubinstein","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Rubinstein","2":"Helena Rubinstein"}}},{"text":"1873 – Otto Frederick Hunziker, Swiss-American agriculturalist and educator (died 1959)","html":"1873 – Otto Frederick Hunziker, Swiss-American agriculturalist and educator (died 1959)","links":{"0":{"0":"1873","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1873","2":"1873"},"1":{"0":"Otto Frederick Hunziker","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Frederick_Hunziker","2":"Otto Frederick Hunziker"}}},{"text":"1874 – Lina Cavalieri, Italian soprano and actress (died 1944)[76]","html":"1874 – Lina Cavalieri, Italian soprano and actress (died 1944)[76]","links":{"0":{"0":"1874","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1874","2":"1874"},"1":{"0":"Lina Cavalieri","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Cavalieri","2":"Lina Cavalieri"}}},{"text":"1875 – Francis Aveling, Canadian psychologist and priest (died 1941)","html":"1875 – Francis Aveling, Canadian psychologist and priest (died 1941)","links":{"0":{"0":"1875","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1875","2":"1875"},"1":{"0":"Francis Aveling","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Aveling","2":"Francis Aveling"}}},{"text":"1875 – Theodor Innitzer, Austrian cardinal (died 1955)","html":"1875 – Theodor Innitzer, Austrian cardinal (died 1955)","links":{"0":{"0":"Theodor Innitzer","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Innitzer","2":"Theodor Innitzer"}}},{"text":"1876 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Pakistan (died 1948)","html":"1876 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Pakistan (died 1948)","links":{"0":{"0":"1876","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1876","2":"1876"},"1":{"0":"Muhammad Ali Jinnah","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah","2":"Muhammad Ali 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Schenck, Russian-American film producer (died 1961)[77]","html":"1878 – Joseph M. Schenck, Russian-American film producer (died 1961)[77]","links":{"0":{"0":"Joseph M. Schenck","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck","2":"Joseph M. 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– Evelyn Nesbit, American model and actress (died 1967)[78]","links":{"0":{"0":"Evelyn Nesbit","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Nesbit","2":"Evelyn Nesbit"}}},{"text":"1886 – Malak Hifni Nasif, Egyptian poet and activist (died 1918)","html":"1886 – Malak Hifni Nasif, Egyptian poet and activist (died 1918)","links":{"0":{"0":"1886","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1886","2":"1886"},"1":{"0":"Malak Hifni Nasif","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Malak_Hifni_Nasif","2":"Malak Hifni Nasif"}}},{"text":"1886 – Kid Ory, American trombonist and bandleader (died 1973)","html":"1886 – Kid Ory, American trombonist and bandleader (died 1973)","links":{"0":{"0":"Kid Ory","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory","2":"Kid Ory"}}},{"text":"1887 – Conrad Hilton, American entrepreneur (died 1979)[79]","html":"1887 – Conrad Hilton, American entrepreneur (died 1979)[79]","links":{"0":{"0":"1887","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1887","2":"1887"},"1":{"0":"Conrad Hilton","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Hilton","2":"Conrad Hilton"}}},{"text":"1889 – Lila Bell Wallace, American publisher and philanthropist, co-founded Reader's Digest (died 1984)[80]","html":"1889 – Lila Bell Wallace, American publisher and philanthropist, co-founded Reader's Digest (died 1984)[80]","links":{"0":{"0":"1889","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1889","2":"1889"},"1":{"0":"Lila Bell Wallace","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lila_Bell_Wallace","2":"Lila Bell Wallace"},"2":{"0":"Reader's Digest","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest","2":"Reader's Digest"}}},{"text":"1890 – Noel Odell, English geologist and mountaineer (died 1987)","html":"1890 – Noel Odell, English geologist and mountaineer (died 1987)","links":{"0":{"0":"1890","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1890","2":"1890"},"1":{"0":"Noel Odell","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Odell","2":"Noel Odell"}}},{"text":"1891 – Kenneth Anderson, Indian-English general and politician, Governor of Gibraltar (died 1959)","html":"1891 – Kenneth Anderson, Indian-English general and politician, Governor of Gibraltar (died 1959)","links":{"0":{"0":"1891","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1891","2":"1891"},"1":{"0":"Kenneth Anderson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Anderson_(British_Army_officer)","2":"Kenneth Anderson"},"2":{"0":"Governor of Gibraltar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar","2":"Governor of Gibraltar"}}},{"text":"1891 – Clarrie Grimmett, New Zealand-Australian cricketer (died 1980)","html":"1891 – Clarrie Grimmett, New Zealand-Australian cricketer (died 1980)","links":{"0":{"0":"Clarrie Grimmett","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarrie_Grimmett","2":"Clarrie Grimmett"}}},{"text":"1899 – Humphrey Bogart, American actor (died 1957)","html":"1899 – Humphrey Bogart, American actor (died 1957)","links":{"0":{"0":"1899","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1899","2":"1899"},"1":{"0":"Humphrey Bogart","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart","2":"Humphrey Bogart"}}},{"text":"1901 – Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (died 2004)[81]","html":"1901 – Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (died 2004)[81]","links":{"0":{"0":"1901","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1901","2":"1901"},"1":{"0":"Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alice,_Duchess_of_Gloucester","2":"Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester"}}},{"text":"1902 – William Bell, American tuba player and educator (died 1971)","html":"1902 – William Bell, American tuba player and educator (died 1971)","links":{"0":{"0":"1902","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1902","2":"1902"},"1":{"0":"William Bell","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bell_(tuba_player)","2":"William Bell"}}},{"text":"1902 – Barton MacLane, American actor, playwright, and screenwriter (died 1969)","html":"1902 – Barton MacLane, American actor, playwright, and screenwriter (died 1969)","links":{"0":{"0":"Barton 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farmworker (died 1994)[82]","html":"1904 – Philip Vera Cruz, Filipino-American labor leader and farmworker (died 1994)[82]","links":{"0":{"0":"Philip Vera Cruz","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Vera_Cruz","2":"Philip Vera Cruz"}}},{"text":"1906 – Lew Grade, Baron Grade, Ukrainian-English film producer (died 1998)","html":"1906 – Lew Grade, Baron Grade, Ukrainian-English film producer (died 1998)","links":{"0":{"0":"1906","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1906","2":"1906"},"1":{"0":"Lew Grade, Baron Grade","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Grade,_Baron_Grade","2":"Lew Grade, Baron Grade"}}},{"text":"1906 – Ernst Ruska, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1988)","html":"1906 – Ernst Ruska, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1988)","links":{"0":{"0":"Ernst Ruska","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska","2":"Ernst Ruska"},"1":{"0":"Nobel Prize","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics","2":"Nobel Prize"}}},{"text":"1907 – Cab Calloway, American singer-songwriter and bandleader (died 1994)","html":"1907 – Cab Calloway, American singer-songwriter and bandleader (died 1994)","links":{"0":{"0":"1907","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1907","2":"1907"},"1":{"0":"Cab Calloway","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cab_Calloway","2":"Cab Calloway"}}},{"text":"1907 – Mike Mazurki, Ukrainian-American wrestler and actor (died 1990)","html":"1907 – Mike Mazurki, Ukrainian-American wrestler and actor (died 1990)","links":{"0":{"0":"Mike Mazurki","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Mazurki","2":"Mike Mazurki"}}},{"text":"1907 – Glenn McCarthy, American businessman, founded the Shamrock Hotel (died 1988)","html":"1907 – Glenn McCarthy, American businessman, founded the Shamrock Hotel (died 1988)","links":{"0":{"0":"Glenn McCarthy","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_McCarthy","2":"Glenn McCarthy"},"1":{"0":"Shamrock Hotel","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamrock_Hotel","2":"Shamrock Hotel"}}},{"text":"1908 – Quentin Crisp, English author and illustrator (died 1999)","html":"1908 – Quentin Crisp, English author and illustrator (died 1999)","links":{"0":{"0":"1908","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1908","2":"1908"},"1":{"0":"Quentin Crisp","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Quentin_Crisp","2":"Quentin Crisp"}}},{"text":"1908 – Ernest L. Massad, American general (died 1993)","html":"1908 – Ernest L. Massad, American general (died 1993)","links":{"0":{"0":"Ernest L. Massad","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_L._Massad","2":"Ernest L. 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1999)","html":"1913 – Candy Candido, American singer, bass player, and voice actor (died 1999)","links":{"0":{"0":"1913","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1913","2":"1913"},"1":{"0":"Candy Candido","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_Candido","2":"Candy Candido"}}},{"text":"1913 – Tony Martin, American singer (died 2012)","html":"1913 – Tony Martin, American singer (died 2012)","links":{"0":{"0":"Tony Martin","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Martin_(American_singer)","2":"Tony Martin"}}},{"text":"1914 – James Fletcher Jnr, New Zealand businessman (died 2007)","html":"1914 – James Fletcher Jnr, New Zealand businessman (died 2007)","links":{"0":{"0":"1914","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1914","2":"1914"},"1":{"0":"James Fletcher Jnr","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Fletcher_Jnr","2":"James Fletcher Jnr"}}},{"text":"1914 – Oscar Lewis, American anthropologist of Latin America (died 1970)","html":"1914 – Oscar Lewis, American anthropologist of Latin America (died 1970)","links":{"0":{"0":"Oscar Lewis","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Lewis","2":"Oscar Lewis"}}},{"text":"1915 – Pete Rugolo, Italian-American composer and producer (died 2011)","html":"1915 – Pete Rugolo, Italian-American composer and producer (died 2011)","links":{"0":{"0":"1915","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1915","2":"1915"},"1":{"0":"Pete Rugolo","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Rugolo","2":"Pete Rugolo"}}},{"text":"1916 – Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian soldier and politician, 1st President of Algeria (died 2012)","html":"1916 – Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian soldier and politician, 1st President of Algeria (died 2012)","links":{"0":{"0":"1916","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1916","2":"1916"},"1":{"0":"Ahmed Ben Bella","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella","2":"Ahmed Ben Bella"},"2":{"0":"President of Algeria","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Algeria","2":"President of Algeria"}}},{"text":"1917 – Arseny Mironov, Russian scientist, engineer, pilot, 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Egyptian lieutenant and politician, 3rd President of Egypt, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1981)[83]","html":"1918 – Anwar Sadat, Egyptian lieutenant and politician, 3rd President of Egypt, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1981)[83]","links":{"0":{"0":"1918","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1918","2":"1918"},"1":{"0":"Anwar Sadat","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat","2":"Anwar Sadat"},"2":{"0":"President of Egypt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Egypt","2":"President of Egypt"},"3":{"0":"Nobel Prize","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize","2":"Nobel Prize"}}},{"text":"1919 – Naushad Ali, Indian composer and director (died 2006)","html":"1919 – Naushad Ali, Indian composer and director (died 2006)","links":{"0":{"0":"1919","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1919","2":"1919"},"1":{"0":"Naushad Ali","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Naushad_Ali","2":"Naushad Ali"}}},{"text":"1919 – Paul David, Canadian cardiologist and politician, founded the Montreal Heart Institute (died 1999)","html":"1919 – Paul David, Canadian cardiologist and politician, founded the Montreal Heart Institute (died 1999)","links":{"0":{"0":"Paul David","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_David_(cardiologist)","2":"Paul David"},"1":{"0":"Montreal Heart Institute","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Heart_Institute","2":"Montreal Heart Institute"}}},{"text":"1919 – Noele Gordon, English actress (died 1985)[84]","html":"1919 – Noele Gordon, English actress (died 1985)[84]","links":{"0":{"0":"Noele Gordon","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Noele_Gordon","2":"Noele Gordon"}}},{"text":"1921 – Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah, Indian-Pakistani journalist and author (died 2000)","html":"1921 – Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah, Indian-Pakistani journalist and author (died 2000)","links":{"0":{"0":"1921","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1921","2":"1921"},"1":{"0":"Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaib-un-Nissa_Hamidullah","2":"Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah"}}},{"text":"1921 – Steve Otto, Polish-Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1989)","html":"1921 – Steve Otto, Polish-Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1989)","links":{"0":{"0":"Steve Otto","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Otto","2":"Steve Otto"}}},{"text":"1922 – William Demby, American author (died 2013)","html":"1922 – William Demby, American author (died 2013)","links":{"0":{"0":"1922","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1922","2":"1922"},"1":{"0":"William Demby","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Demby","2":"William Demby"}}},{"text":"1923 – René Girard, French-American historian, philosopher, and critic (died 2015)","html":"1923 – René Girard, French-American historian, philosopher, and critic (died 2015)","links":{"0":{"0":"1923","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1923","2":"1923"},"1":{"0":"Ren\u00e9 Girard","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard","2":"Ren\u00e9 Girard"}}},{"text":"1923 – Louis Lane, American conductor and educator (died 2016)","html":"1923 – Louis Lane, American conductor and educator (died 2016)","links":{"0":{"0":"Louis Lane","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Lane","2":"Louis Lane"}}},{"text":"1924 – Rod Serling, American screenwriter and producer, created The Twilight Zone (died 1975)","html":"1924 – Rod Serling, American screenwriter and producer, created The Twilight Zone (died 1975)","links":{"0":{"0":"1924","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1924","2":"1924"},"1":{"0":"Rod Serling","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Serling","2":"Rod Serling"},"2":{"0":"The Twilight Zone","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone","2":"The Twilight Zone"}}},{"text":"1924 – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Indian poet and politician, 10th Prime Minister of India (died 2018)","html":"1924 – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Indian poet and politician, 10th Prime Minister of India (died 2018)","links":{"0":{"0":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee","2":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee"},"1":{"0":"Prime Minister of 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Enrique Jorrín, Cuban violinist and composer (died 1987)","links":{"0":{"0":"1926","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1926","2":"1926"},"1":{"0":"Enrique Jorr\u00edn","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Jorr%C3%ADn","2":"Enrique Jorr\u00edn"}}},{"text":"1927 – Nellie Fox, American baseball player and coach (died 1975)","html":"1927 – Nellie Fox, American baseball player and coach (died 1975)","links":{"0":{"0":"1927","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1927","2":"1927"},"1":{"0":"Nellie Fox","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Fox","2":"Nellie Fox"}}},{"text":"1927 – Ram Narayan, Indian sarangi player (died 2024)","html":"1927 – Ram Narayan, Indian sarangi player (died 2024)","links":{"0":{"0":"Ram Narayan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Narayan","2":"Ram Narayan"},"1":{"0":"sarangi","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarangi","2":"sarangi"}}},{"text":"1928 – Irish McCalla, American actress and model (died 2002)","html":"1928 – Irish McCalla, American actress and model (died 2002)","links":{"0":{"0":"1928","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1928","2":"1928"},"1":{"0":"Irish McCalla","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_McCalla","2":"Irish McCalla"}}},{"text":"1928 – Dick Miller, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2019)","html":"1928 – Dick Miller, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2019)","links":{"0":{"0":"Dick Miller","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Miller","2":"Dick Miller"}}},{"text":"1929 – Christine M. Jones, American educator and politician (died 2013)","html":"1929 – Christine M. Jones, American educator and politician (died 2013)","links":{"0":{"0":"1929","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1929","2":"1929"},"1":{"0":"Christine M. Jones","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_M._Jones","2":"Christine M. 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basketball player and coach (died 2017)","html":"1930 – Armenak Alachachian, Armenian basketball player and coach (died 2017)","links":{"0":{"0":"Armenak Alachachian","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenak_Alachachian","2":"Armenak Alachachian"}}},{"text":"1930 – Mary Rose Tuitt, Montserrat politician (died 2005)[86]","html":"1930 – Mary Rose Tuitt, Montserrat politician (died 2005)[86]","links":{"0":{"0":"Mary Rose Tuitt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Rose_Tuitt","2":"Mary Rose Tuitt"}}},{"text":"1932 – Mabel King, American actress and singer (died 1999)","html":"1932 – Mabel King, American actress and singer (died 1999)","links":{"0":{"0":"1932","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1932","2":"1932"},"1":{"0":"Mabel King","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_King","2":"Mabel King"}}},{"text":"1933 – Basil Heatley, English runner (died 2019)","html":"1933 – Basil Heatley, English runner (died 2019)","links":{"0":{"0":"1933","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1933","2":"1933"},"1":{"0":"Basil Heatley","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Heatley","2":"Basil Heatley"}}},{"text":"1935 – Sadiq al-Mahdi, Sudanese politician, Prime Minister of Sudan (died 2020)","html":"1935 – Sadiq al-Mahdi, Sudanese politician, Prime Minister of Sudan (died 2020)","links":{"0":{"0":"1935","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1935","2":"1935"},"1":{"0":"Sadiq al-Mahdi","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadiq_al-Mahdi","2":"Sadiq al-Mahdi"},"2":{"0":"Prime Minister of Sudan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Sudan","2":"Prime Minister of Sudan"}}},{"text":"1935 – Stephen Barnett, American scholar and academic (died 2009)","html":"1935 – Stephen Barnett, American scholar and academic (died 2009)","links":{"0":{"0":"Stephen Barnett","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Barnett","2":"Stephen Barnett"}}},{"text":"1935 – Jeanne Hopkins Lucas, American educator and politician (died 2007)","html":"1935 – Jeanne Hopkins Lucas, American educator and politician (died 2007)","links":{"0":{"0":"Jeanne Hopkins Lucas","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Hopkins_Lucas","2":"Jeanne Hopkins Lucas"}}},{"text":"1936 – Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy","html":"1936 – Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy","links":{"0":{"0":"1936","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1936","2":"1936"},"1":{"0":"Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvy","2":"Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy"}}},{"text":"1936 – Ismail Merchant, Indian-English director and producer (died 2005)","html":"1936 – Ismail Merchant, Indian-English director and producer (died 2005)","links":{"0":{"0":"Ismail Merchant","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Merchant","2":"Ismail Merchant"}}},{"text":"1937 – Maung Aye, Burmese military officer[87]","html":"1937 – Maung Aye, Burmese military officer[87]","links":{"0":{"0":"1937","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1937","2":"1937"},"1":{"0":"Maung Aye","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Maung_Aye","2":"Maung Aye"}}},{"text":"1937 – O'Kelly Isley Jr., American R&B/soul singer-songwriter (died 1986)","html":"1937 – O'Kelly Isley Jr., American R&B/soul singer-songwriter (died 1986)","links":{"0":{"0":"O'Kelly Isley Jr.","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Kelly_Isley_Jr.","2":"O'Kelly Isley Jr."}}},{"text":"1938 – Duane Armstrong, American painter","html":"1938 – Duane Armstrong, American painter","links":{"0":{"0":"1938","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1938","2":"1938"},"1":{"0":"Duane Armstrong","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane_Armstrong","2":"Duane Armstrong"}}},{"text":"1938 – Noel Picard, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2017)","html":"1938 – Noel Picard, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2017)","links":{"0":{"0":"Noel Picard","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Picard","2":"Noel Picard"}}},{"text":"1939 – Ghulam Ahmad Bilour, Pakistani businessman and politician","html":"1939 – Ghulam Ahmad Bilour, Pakistani businessman and politician","links":{"0":{"0":"1939","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1939","2":"1939"},"1":{"0":"Ghulam Ahmad Bilour","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmad_Bilour","2":"Ghulam Ahmad Bilour"}}},{"text":"1939 – Bob James, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer","html":"1939 – Bob James, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer","links":{"0":{"0":"Bob James","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_James_(musician)","2":"Bob James"}}},{"text":"1939 – Akong Rinpoche, Tibetan-Chinese spiritual leader (died 2013)","html":"1939 – Akong Rinpoche, Tibetan-Chinese spiritual leader (died 2013)","links":{"0":{"0":"Akong Rinpoche","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Akong_Rinpoche","2":"Akong Rinpoche"}}},{"text":"1940 – Hilary Spurling, English journalist and author","html":"1940 – Hilary Spurling, English journalist and author","links":{"0":{"0":"1940","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1940","2":"1940"},"1":{"0":"Hilary Spurling","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Spurling","2":"Hilary Spurling"}}},{"text":"1941 – Kenneth Calman, Scottish physician and academic","html":"1941 – Kenneth Calman, Scottish physician and academic","links":{"0":{"0":"1941","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1941","2":"1941"},"1":{"0":"Kenneth Calman","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Calman","2":"Kenneth Calman"}}},{"text":"1942 – Françoise Dürr, French tennis player and coach[88]","html":"1942 – Françoise Dürr, French tennis player and coach[88]","links":{"0":{"0":"1942","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1942","2":"1942"},"1":{"0":"Fran\u00e7oise D\u00fcrr","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_D%C3%BCrr","2":"Fran\u00e7oise D\u00fcrr"}}},{"text":"1942 – Barbara Follett, English politician","html":"1942 – Barbara Follett, English politician","links":{"0":{"0":"Barbara 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Ivorian footballer[109]","links":{"0":{"0":"2000","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2000","2":"2000"},"1":{"0":"Wilfried Singo","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfried_Singo","2":"Wilfried Singo"}}} ],"Deaths":[ {"text":"304 – Saint Anastasia","html":"304 – Saint Anastasia","links":{"0":{"0":"304","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/304","2":"304"},"1":{"0":"Saint Anastasia","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasia_of_Sirmium","2":"Saint Anastasia"}}},{"text":"795 – Pope Adrian I","html":"795 – Pope Adrian I","links":{"0":{"0":"795","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/795","2":"795"},"1":{"0":"Pope Adrian I","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Adrian_I","2":"Pope Adrian I"}}},{"text":"820 – Emperor Leo V","html":"820 – Emperor Leo V","links":{"0":{"0":"820","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/820","2":"820"},"1":{"0":"Emperor Leo V","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Leo_V","2":"Emperor Leo V"}}},{"text":"936 – Zhang Jingda, general of Later Tang","html":"936 – Zhang Jingda, general of Later 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Chile (born 1500)","links":{"0":{"0":"1553","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1553","2":"1553"},"1":{"0":"Pedro de Valdivia","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia","2":"Pedro de Valdivia"},"2":{"0":"Royal Governor of Chile","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Governor_of_Chile","2":"Royal Governor of Chile"}}},{"text":"1634 – Lettice Knollys, English noblewoman (born 1543)[110]","html":"1634 – Lettice Knollys, English noblewoman (born 1543)[110]","links":{"0":{"0":"1634","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1634","2":"1634"},"1":{"0":"Lettice Knollys","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettice_Knollys","2":"Lettice Knollys"}}},{"text":"1635 – Samuel de Champlain, French soldier, geographer, and explorer (born 1567)","html":"1635 – Samuel de Champlain, French soldier, geographer, and explorer (born 1567)","links":{"0":{"0":"1635","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1635","2":"1635"},"1":{"0":"Samuel de Champlain","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain","2":"Samuel de 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c.1640)[111]","links":{"0":{"0":"1708","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1708","2":"1708"},"1":{"0":"J\u00f8rgen Thorm\u00f8hlen","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Thorm%C3%B8hlen","2":"J\u00f8rgen Thorm\u00f8hlen"}}},{"text":"1730 – Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine, Scottish peer and general (born 1676)","html":"1730 – Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine, Scottish peer and general (born 1676)","links":{"0":{"0":"1730","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1730","2":"1730"},"1":{"0":"Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Scott,_1st_Earl_of_Deloraine","2":"Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine"}}},{"text":"1758 – James Hervey, English priest and author (born 1714)","html":"1758 – James Hervey, English priest and author (born 1714)","links":{"0":{"0":"1758","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1758","2":"1758"},"1":{"0":"James Hervey","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hervey","2":"James Hervey"}}},{"text":"1784 – Yosa Buson, Japanese poet and painter (born 1716)","html":"1784 – Yosa Buson, Japanese poet and painter (born 1716)","links":{"0":{"0":"1784","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1784","2":"1784"},"1":{"0":"Yosa Buson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosa_Buson","2":"Yosa Buson"}}},{"text":"1796 – Velu Nachiyar, Queen of Sivagangai (born 1730)","html":"1796 – Velu Nachiyar, Queen of Sivagangai (born 1730)","links":{"0":{"0":"1796","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1796","2":"1796"},"1":{"0":"Velu Nachiyar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Velu_Nachiyar","2":"Velu Nachiyar"}}},{"text":"1824 – Barbara von Krüdener, German mystic and author (born 1764)","html":"1824 – Barbara von Krüdener, German mystic and author (born 1764)","links":{"0":{"0":"1824","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1824","2":"1824"},"1":{"0":"Barbara von Kr\u00fcdener","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Kr%C3%BCdener","2":"Barbara von Kr\u00fcdener"}}},{"text":"1824 – William Lawless, Irish revolutionary, later French Army general (born 1772)","html":"1824 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1845)","links":{"0":{"0":"1916","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1916","2":"1916"},"1":{"0":"Albert Chmielowski","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Chmielowski","2":"Albert Chmielowski"},"2":{"0":"Albertine Brothers","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertine_Brothers","2":"Albertine Brothers"}}},{"text":"1921 – Vladimir Korolenko, Russian journalist, author, and activist (born 1853)","html":"1921 – Vladimir Korolenko, Russian journalist, author, and activist (born 1853)","links":{"0":{"0":"1921","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1921","2":"1921"},"1":{"0":"Vladimir Korolenko","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Korolenko","2":"Vladimir Korolenko"}}},{"text":"1925 – Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst and author (born 1877)","html":"1925 – Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst and author (born 1877)","links":{"0":{"0":"1925","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1925","2":"1925"},"1":{"0":"Karl Abraham","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Abraham","2":"Karl Abraham"}}},{"text":"1926 – Emperor Taishō of Japan (born 1879)","html":"1926 – Emperor Taishō of Japan (born 1879)","links":{"0":{"0":"1926","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1926","2":"1926"},"1":{"0":"Emperor Taish\u014d","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D","2":"Emperor Taish\u014d"}}},{"text":"1928 – Miles Burke, American boxer (born 1885)","html":"1928 – Miles Burke, American boxer (born 1885)","links":{"0":{"0":"1928","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1928","2":"1928"},"1":{"0":"Miles Burke","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Burke","2":"Miles Burke"}}},{"text":"1930 – Jakob Mändmets, Estonian journalist and author (born 1871)","html":"1930 – Jakob Mändmets, Estonian journalist and author (born 1871)","links":{"0":{"0":"1930","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1930","2":"1930"},"1":{"0":"Jakob M\u00e4ndmets","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_M%C3%A4ndmets","2":"Jakob M\u00e4ndmets"}}},{"text":"1933 – Francesc Macià, Catalan colonel and politician, 122nd President of Catalonia (born 1859)","html":"1933 – Francesc Macià, Catalan colonel and politician, 122nd President of Catalonia (born 1859)","links":{"0":{"0":"1933","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1933","2":"1933"},"1":{"0":"Francesc Maci\u00e0","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Maci%C3%A0","2":"Francesc Maci\u00e0"},"2":{"0":"President of Catalonia","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Catalonia","2":"President of Catalonia"}}},{"text":"1935 – Paul Bourget, French author and critic (born 1852)","html":"1935 – Paul Bourget, French author and critic (born 1852)","links":{"0":{"0":"1935","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1935","2":"1935"},"1":{"0":"Paul Bourget","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bourget","2":"Paul Bourget"}}},{"text":"1938 – Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (born 1890)","html":"1938 – Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (born 1890)","links":{"0":{"0":"1938","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1938","2":"1938"},"1":{"0":"Karel 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Aldrich, American lawyer and politician (born 1884)","html":"1941 – Richard S. Aldrich, American lawyer and politician (born 1884)","links":{"0":{"0":"1941","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1941","2":"1941"},"1":{"0":"Richard S. Aldrich","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_S._Aldrich","2":"Richard S. Aldrich"}}},{"text":"1944 – George Steer, South African-English journalist and author (born 1909)","html":"1944 – George Steer, South African-English journalist and author (born 1909)","links":{"0":{"0":"1944","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1944","2":"1944"},"1":{"0":"George Steer","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Steer","2":"George Steer"}}},{"text":"1946 – W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian, juggler, and screenwriter (born 1880)","html":"1946 – W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian, juggler, and screenwriter (born 1880)","links":{"0":{"0":"1946","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1946","2":"1946"},"1":{"0":"W. C. Fields","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/W._C._Fields","2":"W. 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1884)","links":{"0":{"0":"1973","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1973","2":"1973"},"1":{"0":"\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC","2":"\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc"},"2":{"0":"President of Turkey","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey","2":"President of Turkey"}}},{"text":"1973 – Gabriel Voisin, French pilot and engineer (born 1880)","html":"1973 – Gabriel Voisin, French pilot and engineer (born 1880)","links":{"0":{"0":"Gabriel Voisin","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Voisin","2":"Gabriel Voisin"}}},{"text":"1975 – Gaston Gallimard, French publisher, founded Éditions Gallimard (born 1881)","html":"1975 – Gaston Gallimard, French publisher, founded Éditions Gallimard (born 1881)","links":{"0":{"0":"1975","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1975","2":"1975"},"1":{"0":"Gaston Gallimard","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Gallimard","2":"Gaston Gallimard"},"2":{"0":"\u00c9ditions 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1909)","links":{"0":{"0":"1988","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1988","2":"1988"},"1":{"0":"Sh\u014dhei \u014coka","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhei_%C5%8Coka","2":"Sh\u014dhei \u014coka"}}},{"text":"1988 – Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle, English entomologist and lepidopterist (born 1920)","html":"1988 – Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle, English entomologist and lepidopterist (born 1920)","links":{"0":{"0":"Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Pelham-Clinton,_10th_Duke_of_Newcastle","2":"Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle"}}},{"text":"1989 – Benny Binion, American poker player and businessman (born 1904)","html":"1989 – Benny Binion, American poker player and businessman (born 1904)","links":{"0":{"0":"1989","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1989","2":"1989"},"1":{"0":"Benny Binion","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Binion","2":"Benny Binion"}}},{"text":"1989 – Elena Ceaușescu, Romanian politician, First Lady of Romania (born 1916)","html":"1989 – Elena Ceaușescu, Romanian politician, First Lady of Romania (born 1916)","links":{"0":{"0":"Elena Ceau\u0219escu","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Ceau%C8%99escu","2":"Elena Ceau\u0219escu"},"1":{"0":"First Lady of Romania","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Lady_of_Romania","2":"First Lady of Romania"}}},{"text":"1989 – Nicolae Ceaușescu, Romanian general and politician, 1st President of Romania (born 1918)","html":"1989 – Nicolae Ceaușescu, Romanian general and politician, 1st President of Romania (born 1918)","links":{"0":{"0":"Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu","2":"Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu"},"1":{"0":"President of Romania","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Romania","2":"President of Romania"}}},{"text":"1989 – Betty Garde, American actress (born 1905)","html":"1989 – Betty Garde, American actress (born 1905)","links":{"0":{"0":"Betty Garde","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Garde","2":"Betty Garde"}}},{"text":"1989 – Frederick F. Houser, American judge and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of California (born 1905)","html":"1989 – Frederick F. Houser, American judge and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of California (born 1905)","links":{"0":{"0":"Frederick F. Houser","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_F._Houser","2":"Frederick F. 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1916)","links":{"0":{"0":"1994","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1994","2":"1994"},"1":{"0":"Zail Singh","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Zail_Singh","2":"Zail Singh"},"2":{"0":"President of India","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_India","2":"President of India"}}},{"text":"1995 – Emmanuel Levinas, Lithuanian-French philosopher and academic (born 1906)","html":"1995 – Emmanuel Levinas, Lithuanian-French philosopher and academic (born 1906)","links":{"0":{"0":"1995","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1995","2":"1995"},"1":{"0":"Emmanuel Levinas","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas","2":"Emmanuel Levinas"}}},{"text":"1995 – Dean Martin, American singer and actor (born 1917)","html":"1995 – Dean Martin, American singer and actor (born 1917)","links":{"0":{"0":"Dean Martin","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Martin","2":"Dean Martin"}}},{"text":"1995 – Chang Kee-ryo, Korean surgeon (born 1914)","html":"1995 – Chang Kee-ryo, Korean surgeon (born 1914)","links":{"0":{"0":"Chang Kee-ryo","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kee-ryo","2":"Chang Kee-ryo"}}},{"text":"1995 – Vincent Patriarca, Italian-American aviator and mercenary (born 1914)[114]","html":"1995 – Vincent Patriarca, Italian-American aviator and mercenary (born 1914)[114]","links":{"0":{"0":"Vincent Patriarca","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Patriarca","2":"Vincent Patriarca"},"1":{"0":"mercenary","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercenary","2":"mercenary"}}},{"text":"1996 – Bill Hewitt, Canadian sportscaster (born 1928)","html":"1996 – Bill Hewitt, Canadian sportscaster (born 1928)","links":{"0":{"0":"1996","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1996","2":"1996"},"1":{"0":"Bill Hewitt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hewitt_(sportscaster)","2":"Bill Hewitt"}}},{"text":"1997 – Anatoli Boukreev, Kazakh mountaineer and explorer (born 1958)","html":"1997 – Anatoli Boukreev, Kazakh mountaineer and explorer (born 1958)","links":{"0":{"0":"1997","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1997","2":"1997"},"1":{"0":"Anatoli Boukreev","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoli_Boukreev","2":"Anatoli Boukreev"}}},{"text":"1997 – Denver Pyle, American actor (born 1920)","html":"1997 – Denver Pyle, American actor (born 1920)","links":{"0":{"0":"Denver Pyle","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Pyle","2":"Denver Pyle"}}},{"text":"1998 – John Pulman, English snooker player (born 1923)[115]","html":"1998 – John Pulman, English snooker player (born 1923)[115]","links":{"0":{"0":"1998","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1998","2":"1998"},"1":{"0":"John Pulman","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pulman","2":"John Pulman"}}},{"text":"2000 – Neil Hawke, Australian cricketer and footballer (born 1939)","html":"2000 – Neil Hawke, Australian cricketer and footballer (born 1939)","links":{"0":{"0":"2000","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2000","2":"2000"},"1":{"0":"Neil 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Tomatis, French otolaryngologist and academic (born 1920)","html":"2001 – Alfred A. Tomatis, French otolaryngologist and academic (born 1920)","links":{"0":{"0":"2001","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2001","2":"2001"},"1":{"0":"Alfred A. Tomatis","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Tomatis","2":"Alfred A. 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Barbers, Filipino police officer, lawyer, and politician, 15th Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (born 1944)","html":"2005 – Robert Barbers, Filipino police officer, lawyer, and politician, 15th Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (born 1944)","links":{"0":{"0":"Robert Barbers","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Barbers","2":"Robert Barbers"},"1":{"0":"Secretary of the Interior and Local Government","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government","2":"Secretary of the Interior and Local Government"}}},{"text":"2005 – Birgit Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (born 1918)","html":"2005 – Birgit Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (born 1918)","links":{"0":{"0":"Birgit Nilsson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson","2":"Birgit Nilsson"}}},{"text":"2005 – Joseph Pararajasingham, Sri Lankan journalist, businessman, and politician (born 1934)","html":"2005 – Joseph Pararajasingham, Sri Lankan journalist, businessman, and politician (born 1934)","links":{"0":{"0":"Joseph Pararajasingham","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Pararajasingham","2":"Joseph Pararajasingham"}}},{"text":"2006 – James Brown, American singer-songwriter (born 1933)[116]","html":"2006 – James Brown, American singer-songwriter (born 1933)[116]","links":{"0":{"0":"2006","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2006","2":"2006"},"1":{"0":"James Brown","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown","2":"James Brown"}}},{"text":"2007 – Des Barrick, English cricketer (born 1927)[117]","html":"2007 – Des Barrick, English cricketer (born 1927)[117]","links":{"0":{"0":"2007","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2007","2":"2007"},"1":{"0":"Des Barrick","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Barrick","2":"Des Barrick"}}},{"text":"2007 – Jim Beauchamp, American baseball player and coach (born 1939)[118]","html":"2007 – Jim Beauchamp, American baseball player and coach (born 1939)[118]","links":{"0":{"0":"Jim Beauchamp","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Beauchamp","2":"Jim Beauchamp"}}},{"text":"2008 – Eartha Kitt, American singer and actress (born 1927)[119]","html":"2008 – Eartha Kitt, American singer and actress (born 1927)[119]","links":{"0":{"0":"2008","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2008","2":"2008"},"1":{"0":"Eartha Kitt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eartha_Kitt","2":"Eartha Kitt"}}},{"text":"2009 – Vic Chesnutt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1964)[120]","html":"2009 – Vic Chesnutt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1964)[120]","links":{"0":{"0":"2009","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2009","2":"2009"},"1":{"0":"Vic Chesnutt","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic_Chesnutt","2":"Vic Chesnutt"}}},{"text":"2010 – Carlos Andrés Pérez, Venezuelan politician, 66th President of Venezuela (born 1922)[121]","html":"2010 – Carlos Andrés Pérez, Venezuelan politician, 66th President of Venezuela (born 1922)[121]","links":{"0":{"0":"2010","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2010","2":"2010"},"1":{"0":"Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez","2":"Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez"},"2":{"0":"President of Venezuela","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Venezuela","2":"President of Venezuela"}}},{"text":"2011 – Giorgio Bocca, Italian journalist (born 1920)[122]","html":"2011 – Giorgio Bocca, Italian journalist (born 1920)[122]","links":{"0":{"0":"2011","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2011","2":"2011"},"1":{"0":"Giorgio Bocca","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_Bocca","2":"Giorgio Bocca"}}},{"text":"2011 – Jim Sherwood, American saxophonist (born 1942)[123]","html":"2011 – Jim Sherwood, American saxophonist (born 1942)[123]","links":{"0":{"0":"Jim Sherwood","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Sherwood","2":"Jim Sherwood"}}},{"text":"2011 – Simms Taback, American author and illustrator (born 1932)[124]","html":"2011 – Simms Taback, American author and illustrator (born 1932)[124]","links":{"0":{"0":"Simms Taback","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Simms_Taback","2":"Simms Taback"}}},{"text":"2012 – Erico Aumentado, Filipino journalist, lawyer, and politician (born 1940)[125]","html":"2012 – Erico Aumentado, Filipino journalist, lawyer, and politician (born 1940)[125]","links":{"0":{"0":"2012","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2012","2":"2012"},"1":{"0":"Erico Aumentado","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Erico_Aumentado","2":"Erico Aumentado"}}},{"text":"2012 – Halfdan Hegtun, Norwegian radio host and politician (born 1918)[126]","html":"2012 – Halfdan Hegtun, Norwegian radio host and politician (born 1918)[126]","links":{"0":{"0":"Halfdan Hegtun","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfdan_Hegtun","2":"Halfdan Hegtun"}}},{"text":"2012 – Joe Krivak, American football player and coach (born 1935)[127]","html":"2012 – Joe Krivak, American football player and coach (born 1935)[127]","links":{"0":{"0":"Joe Krivak","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Krivak","2":"Joe Krivak"}}},{"text":"2012 – Turki bin Sultan, Saudi Arabian politician (born 1959)[128]","html":"2012 – Turki bin Sultan, Saudi Arabian politician (born 1959)[128]","links":{"0":{"0":"Turki bin Sultan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki_bin_Sultan","2":"Turki bin Sultan"}}},{"text":"2012 – Şerafettin Elçi, Turkish lawyer, politician, government minister (born 1938)[129]","html":"2012 – Şerafettin Elçi, Turkish lawyer, politician, government minister (born 1938)[129]","links":{"0":{"0":"\u015eerafettin El\u00e7i","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eerafettin_El%C3%A7i","2":"\u015eerafettin El\u00e7i"}}},{"text":"2013 – Anthony J. Bryant, American historian and author (born 1961)[130]","html":"2013 – Anthony J. Bryant, American historian and author (born 1961)[130]","links":{"0":{"0":"2013","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2013","2":"2013"},"1":{"0":"Anthony J. Bryant","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_J._Bryant","2":"Anthony J. Bryant"}}},{"text":"2013 – David R. Harris, English geographer, anthropologist, archaeologist and academic (born 1930)[131]","html":"2013 – David R. Harris, English geographer, anthropologist, archaeologist and academic (born 1930)[131]","links":{"0":{"0":"David R. Harris","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/David_R._Harris_(geographer)","2":"David R. Harris"}}},{"text":"2013 – Wayne Harrison, English footballer (born 1967)[132]","html":"2013 – Wayne Harrison, English footballer (born 1967)[132]","links":{"0":{"0":"Wayne Harrison","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Harrison_(footballer,_born_1967)","2":"Wayne Harrison"}}},{"text":"2013 – Mike Hegan, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1942)[133]","html":"2013 – Mike Hegan, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1942)[133]","links":{"0":{"0":"Mike Hegan","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Hegan","2":"Mike Hegan"}}},{"text":"2013 – Lola Lange, Canadian rural feminist and appointee to the Royal Commission on the Status of Women (born 1922)[134]","html":"2013 – Lola Lange, Canadian rural feminist and appointee to the Royal Commission on the Status of Women (born 1922)[134]","links":{"0":{"0":"Lola Lange","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_Lange","2":"Lola Lange"},"1":{"0":"Royal Commission on the Status of Women","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women","2":"Royal Commission on the Status of Women"}}},{"text":"2013 – Mel Mathay, Filipino politician, 8th Mayor of Quezon City (born 1932)[135]","html":"2013 – Mel Mathay, Filipino politician, 8th Mayor of Quezon City (born 1932)[135]","links":{"0":{"0":"Mel Mathay","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Mathay","2":"Mel Mathay"},"1":{"0":"Mayor of Quezon City","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Quezon_City","2":"Mayor of Quezon City"}}},{"text":"2014 – Ricardo Porro, Cuban-French architect (born 1925)[136]","html":"2014 – Ricardo Porro, Cuban-French architect (born 1925)[136]","links":{"0":{"0":"2014","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2014","2":"2014"},"1":{"0":"Ricardo Porro","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Porro","2":"Ricardo Porro"}}},{"text":"2014 – Geoff Pullar, English cricketer (born 1935)[137]","html":"2014 – Geoff Pullar, English cricketer (born 1935)[137]","links":{"0":{"0":"Geoff Pullar","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Pullar","2":"Geoff Pullar"}}},{"text":"2014 – David Ryall, English actor (born 1935)[138]","html":"2014 – David Ryall, English actor (born 1935)[138]","links":{"0":{"0":"David Ryall","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ryall","2":"David Ryall"}}},{"text":"2015 – George Clayton Johnson, American author and screenwriter (born 1929)[139]","html":"2015 – George Clayton Johnson, American author and screenwriter (born 1929)[139]","links":{"0":{"0":"2015","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2015","2":"2015"},"1":{"0":"George Clayton Johnson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clayton_Johnson","2":"George Clayton Johnson"}}},{"text":"2015 – Dorothy M. Murdock, American author and historian (born 1961)[140]","html":"2015 – Dorothy M. Murdock, American author and historian (born 1961)[140]","links":{"0":{"0":"Dorothy M. Murdock","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Acharya_S","2":"Dorothy M. 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Herbert Lipson, American magazine publisher (Philadelphia, Boston) (born 1929)[144]","links":{"0":{"0":"2017","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2017","2":"2017"},"1":{"0":"D. Herbert Lipson","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/D._Herbert_Lipson","2":"D. 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Jones, American basketball player and coach (born 1932)[147]","links":{"0":{"0":"2020","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2020","2":"2020"},"1":{"0":"K. C. Jones","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/K._C._Jones","2":"K. C. 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T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian author and screenwriter (born 1933)[154]","html":"2024 – M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian author and screenwriter (born 1933)[154]","links":{"0":{"0":"M. T. Vasudevan Nair","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/M._T._Vasudevan_Nair","2":"M. T. Vasudevan Nair"}}},{"text":"2024 – Osamu Suzuki, Japanese businessman (born 1930)[155]","html":"2024 – Osamu Suzuki, Japanese businessman (born 1930)[155]","links":{"0":{"0":"Osamu Suzuki","1":"https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Suzuki_(businessman)","2":"Osamu Suzuki"}}} ]}}