{
"info": "OnThisDay API",
"date": "January_1",
"updated": 1784002893,
"data": {
"Events": [
{
"text": "153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1.",
"html": "153 BC – For the first time, Roman consuls begin their year in office on January 1.",
"links": [
{
"text": "153 BC",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/153_BC"
},
{
"text": "Roman consuls",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_consul"
},
{
"text": "[1]",
"url": "#cite_note-1"
}
]
},
{
"text": "45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Republic, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.",
"html": "45 BC – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Republic, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.",
"links": [
{
"text": "45 BC",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_BC"
},
{
"text": "Julian calendar",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_calendar"
},
{
"text": "[2]",
"url": "#cite_note-2"
}
]
},
{
"text": "42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar.",
"html": "42 BC – The Roman Senate posthumously deifies Julius Caesar.",
"links": [
{
"text": "42 BC",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_BC"
},
{
"text": "Roman Senate",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate"
},
{
"text": "deifies",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotheosis"
},
{
"text": "Julius Caesar",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar"
},
{
"text": "[3]",
"url": "#cite_note-3"
}
]
},
{
"text": "193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.",
"html": "193 – The Senate chooses Pertinax against his will to succeed Commodus as Roman emperor.",
"links": [
{
"text": "193",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/193"
},
{
"text": "Pertinax",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertinax"
},
{
"text": "Commodus",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodus"
},
{
"text": "Roman emperor",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor"
},
{
"text": "[4]",
"url": "#cite_note-Birley2012-4"
}
]
},
{
"text": "404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is stoned to death by the crowd. This act impresses the Christian Emperor Honorius, who issues a historic ban on gladiatorial fights.",
"html": "404 – Saint Telemachus tries to stop a gladiatorial fight in a Roman amphitheatre, and is stoned to death by the crowd. This act impresses the Christian Emperor Honorius, who issues a historic ban on gladiatorial fights.",
"links": [
{
"text": "404",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_404"
},
{
"text": "Saint Telemachus",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Telemachus"
},
{
"text": "gladiatorial",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator"
},
{
"text": "amphitheatre",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphitheatre"
},
{
"text": "stoned to death",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoning"
},
{
"text": "Honorius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)"
},
{
"text": "[5]",
"url": "#cite_note-5"
}
]
},
{
"text": "417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous general (magister militum) (probable).",
"html": "417 – Emperor Honorius forces Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his famous general (magister militum) (probable).",
"links": [
{
"text": "417",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/417"
},
{
"text": "Emperor Honorius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Honorius"
},
{
"text": "Galla Placidia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galla_Placidia"
},
{
"text": "Constantius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_III"
},
{
"text": "magister militum",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magister_militum"
},
{
"text": "[6]",
"url": "#cite_note-6"
}
]
},
{
"text": "947 – Emperor Taizong of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty captures Daliang, ending the dynasty and empire of the Later Jin.",
"html": "947 – Emperor Taizong of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty captures Daliang, ending the dynasty and empire of the Later Jin.",
"links": [
{
"text": "947",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/947"
},
{
"text": "Taizong",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao"
},
{
"text": "Khitan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_people"
},
{
"text": "Liao dynasty",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_dynasty"
},
{
"text": "Daliang",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng"
},
{
"text": "Later Jin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)"
},
{
"text": "[7]",
"url": "#cite_note-7"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1001 – Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II (probable).",
"html": "1001 – Grand Prince Stephen I of Hungary is named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II (probable).",
"links": [
{
"text": "1001",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1001"
},
{
"text": "Stephen I of Hungary",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Hungary"
},
{
"text": "King of Hungary",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Hungary"
},
{
"text": "Pope Sylvester II",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_II"
},
{
"text": "[8]",
"url": "#cite_note-8"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1068 – Romanos IV Diogenes marries Eudokia Makrembolitissa and is crowned Byzantine Emperor.",
"html": "1068 – Romanos IV Diogenes marries Eudokia Makrembolitissa and is crowned Byzantine Emperor.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1068",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1068"
},
{
"text": "Romanos IV Diogenes",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes"
},
{
"text": "Eudokia Makrembolitissa",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa"
},
{
"text": "Byzantine Emperor",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Emperor"
},
{
"text": "[9]",
"url": "#cite_note-9"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1259 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.",
"html": "1259 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1259",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1259"
},
{
"text": "Michael VIII Palaiologos",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos"
},
{
"text": "Empire of Nicaea",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea"
},
{
"text": "John IV Laskaris",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris"
},
{
"text": "[10]",
"url": "#cite_note-10"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1438 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.",
"html": "1438 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1438",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438"
},
{
"text": "Albert II of Habsburg",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany"
},
{
"text": "King of Hungary",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Hungary"
},
{
"text": "[11]",
"url": "#cite_note-11"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1502 – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is first explored by the Portuguese under their commissioned Florentine explorer, Amerigo Vespucci. Vespucci begins his suspicion that there is a whole continent between Europe and Asia.",
"html": "1502 – The present-day location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is first explored by the Portuguese under their commissioned Florentine explorer, Amerigo Vespucci. Vespucci begins his suspicion that there is a whole continent between Europe and Asia.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1502",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1502"
},
{
"text": "Rio de Janeiro",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro"
},
{
"text": "Portuguese",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire"
},
{
"text": "Florentine",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence"
},
{
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci"
},
{
"text": "[12]",
"url": "#cite_note-12"
},
{
"text": "[13]",
"url": "#cite_note-13"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1515 – Twenty-year-old Francis, Duke of Brittany, succeeds to the French throne following the death of his father-in-law, Louis XII.",
"html": "1515 – Twenty-year-old Francis, Duke of Brittany, succeeds to the French throne following the death of his father-in-law, Louis XII.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1515",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1515"
},
{
"text": "Francis, Duke of Brittany",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I_of_France"
},
{
"text": "French throne",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs"
},
{
"text": "Louis XII",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France"
},
{
"text": "[14]",
"url": "#cite_note-14"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria as King of Croatia in the 1527 election in Cetin.",
"html": "1527 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria as King of Croatia in the 1527 election in Cetin.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1527",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1527"
},
{
"text": "Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Archduke_of_Austria"
},
{
"text": "King of Croatia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Croatia"
},
{
"text": "1527 election in Cetin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1527_election_in_Cetin"
},
{
"text": "[15]",
"url": "#cite_note-15"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1600 – Scotland recognises January 1 as the start of the year, instead of March 25.",
"html": "1600 – Scotland recognises January 1 as the start of the year, instead of March 25.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1600",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1600"
},
{
"text": "Scotland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland"
},
{
"text": "[16]",
"url": "#cite_note-16"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1604 – The Masque of Indian and China Knights is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.",
"html": "1604 – The Masque of Indian and China Knights is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1604",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1604"
},
{
"text": "The Masque of Indian and China Knights",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Masque_of_Indian_and_China_Knights"
},
{
"text": "James VI and I",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I"
},
{
"text": "Hampton Court",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court"
},
{
"text": "[17]",
"url": "#cite_note-17"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1651 – Charles II is crowned King of Scotland at Scone Palace.",
"html": "1651 – Charles II is crowned King of Scotland at Scone Palace.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1651",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1651"
},
{
"text": "Charles II",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England"
},
{
"text": "crowned",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_coronation_of_Charles_II"
},
{
"text": "King of Scotland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Scotland"
},
{
"text": "Scone Palace",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scone_Palace"
},
{
"text": "[18]",
"url": "#cite_note-18"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1700 – Russia begins using the Anno Domini era instead of the Anno Mundi era of the Byzantine Empire.",
"html": "1700 – Russia begins using the Anno Domini era instead of the Anno Mundi era of the Byzantine Empire.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1700",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1700"
},
{
"text": "Anno Domini",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini"
},
{
"text": "Anno Mundi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Mundi"
},
{
"text": "Byzantine Empire",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire"
},
{
"text": "[19]",
"url": "#cite_note-19"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1707 – John V is proclaimed King of Portugal and the Algarves in Lisbon.",
"html": "1707 – John V is proclaimed King of Portugal and the Algarves in Lisbon.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1707",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707"
},
{
"text": "John V",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal"
},
{
"text": "Algarves",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algarves"
},
{
"text": "[20]",
"url": "#cite_note-20"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1725 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of his chorale cantata Jesu, nun sei gepreiset, BWV 41, which features the trumpet fanfares from the beginning also in the end.",
"html": "1725 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of his chorale cantata Jesu, nun sei gepreiset, BWV 41, which features the trumpet fanfares from the beginning also in the end.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1725",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1725"
},
{
"text": "J. S. Bach",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach"
},
{
"text": "chorale cantata",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorale_cantata_cycle"
},
{
"text": "Jesu, nun sei gepreiset, BWV 41",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu,_nun_sei_gepreiset,_BWV_41"
},
{
"text": "[21]",
"url": "#cite_note-21"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1726 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Herr Gott, dich loben wir, BWV 16, his church cantata for New Year's Day to a libretto by Georg Christian Lehms.",
"html": "1726 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Herr Gott, dich loben wir, BWV 16, his church cantata for New Year's Day to a libretto by Georg Christian Lehms.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1726",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1726"
},
{
"text": "J. S. Bach",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach"
},
{
"text": "Herr Gott, dich loben wir, BWV 16",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herr_Gott,_dich_loben_wir,_BWV_16"
},
{
"text": "church cantata",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_cantata"
},
{
"text": "New Year's Day",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year's_Day"
},
{
"text": "libretto",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libretto"
},
{
"text": "Georg Christian Lehms",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Christian_Lehms"
},
{
"text": "[22]",
"url": "#cite_note-22"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1739 – Bouvet Island, the world's remotest island, is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.",
"html": "1739 – Bouvet Island, the world's remotest island, is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1739",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1739"
},
{
"text": "Bouvet Island",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_Island"
},
{
"text": "[23]",
"url": "#cite_note-23"
},
{
"text": "Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier"
},
{
"text": "[24]",
"url": "#cite_note-24"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which could be used in 90 European cities, are issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.",
"html": "1772 – The first traveler's cheques, which could be used in 90 European cities, are issued by the London Credit Exchange Company.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1772",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1772"
},
{
"text": "traveler's cheques",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveler's_cheque"
},
{
"text": "[25]",
"url": "#cite_note-25"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1773 – The hymn that becomes known as \"Amazing Grace\", previously titled \"1 Chronicles 17:16–17, Faith's Review and Expectation\", is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire, England.",
"html": "1773 – The hymn that becomes known as \"Amazing Grace\", previously titled \"1 Chronicles 17:16–17, Faith's Review and Expectation\", is first used to accompany a sermon led by John Newton in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire, England.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1773",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1773"
},
{
"text": "Amazing Grace",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing_Grace"
},
{
"text": "John Newton",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Newton"
},
{
"text": "Olney, Buckinghamshire",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olney,_Buckinghamshire"
},
{
"text": "[26]",
"url": "#cite_note-26"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1776 – American Revolutionary War: Burning of Norfolk – Norfolk, Virginia, is burned to the ground by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.",
"html": "1776 – American Revolutionary War: Burning of Norfolk – Norfolk, Virginia, is burned to the ground by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1776",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1776"
},
{
"text": "American Revolutionary War",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War"
},
{
"text": "Burning of Norfolk",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Norfolk"
},
{
"text": "Norfolk, Virginia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia"
},
{
"text": "Royal Navy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy"
},
{
"text": "Continental Army",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army"
},
{
"text": "[27]",
"url": "#cite_note-27"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1776 – General George Washington hoists the first United States flag, the Continental Union Flag, at Prospect Hill.",
"html": "1776 – General George Washington hoists the first United States flag, the Continental Union Flag, at Prospect Hill.",
"links": [
{
"text": "George Washington",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington"
},
{
"text": "United States",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"
},
{
"text": "Continental Union Flag",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Union_Flag"
},
{
"text": "Prospect Hill",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospect_Hill_Monument"
},
{
"text": "[28]",
"url": "#cite_note-28"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1781 – American Revolutionary War: One thousand five hundred soldiers of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment under General Anthony Wayne's command rebel against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey in the Pennsylvania Line Mutiny of 1781.",
"html": "1781 – American Revolutionary War: One thousand five hundred soldiers of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment under General Anthony Wayne's command rebel against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey in the Pennsylvania Line Mutiny of 1781.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1781",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1781"
},
{
"text": "6th Pennsylvania Regiment",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Pennsylvania_Regiment"
},
{
"text": "Anthony Wayne",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Wayne"
},
{
"text": "Continental Army",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army"
},
{
"text": "Morristown, New Jersey",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey"
},
{
"text": "Pennsylvania Line Mutiny",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny"
},
{
"text": "[29]",
"url": "#cite_note-29"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1788 – The first edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.",
"html": "1788 – The first edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1788",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788"
},
{
"text": "The Times",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times"
},
{
"text": "[30]",
"url": "#cite_note-30"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1801 – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is proclaimed.",
"html": "1801 – The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is proclaimed.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1801",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1801"
},
{
"text": "Kingdom of Great Britain",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain"
},
{
"text": "Kingdom of Ireland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland"
},
{
"text": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland"
},
{
"text": "[31]",
"url": "#cite_note-31"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.",
"html": "1801 – Ceres, the largest and first known object in the Asteroid belt, is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ceres",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)"
},
{
"text": "Asteroid belt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt"
},
{
"text": "Giuseppe Piazzi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi"
},
{
"text": "[32]",
"url": "#cite_note-32"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. Haiti becomes the first black-majority republic and second independent country in North America after the United States.",
"html": "1804 – French rule ends in Haiti. Haiti becomes the first black-majority republic and second independent country in North America after the United States.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1804",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1804"
},
{
"text": "French rule",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Domingue"
},
{
"text": "Haiti",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti"
},
{
"text": "North America",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America"
},
{
"text": "United States",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"
},
{
"text": "[33]",
"url": "#cite_note-33"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1806 – The French Republican Calendar is abolished.",
"html": "1806 – The French Republican Calendar is abolished.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1806",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1806"
},
{
"text": "French Republican Calendar",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar"
},
{
"text": "[34]",
"url": "#cite_note-34"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1808 – The United States bans the importation of slaves.",
"html": "1808 – The United States bans the importation of slaves.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1808",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808"
},
{
"text": "bans the importation of slaves",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_Prohibiting_Importation_of_Slaves"
},
{
"text": "[35]",
"url": "#cite_note-35"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1810 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales.",
"html": "1810 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1810",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1810"
},
{
"text": "Lachlan Macquarie",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachlan_Macquarie"
},
{
"text": "Governor of New South Wales",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales"
},
{
"text": "[36]",
"url": "#cite_note-36"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1818 – Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (anonymously) publishes the pioneering work of science fiction, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, in London.",
"html": "1818 – Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (anonymously) publishes the pioneering work of science fiction, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, in London.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1818",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818"
},
{
"text": "Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Shelley"
},
{
"text": "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein"
},
{
"text": "[37]",
"url": "#cite_note-37"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1822 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.",
"html": "1822 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1822",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822"
},
{
"text": "Greek Constitution of 1822",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Constitution_of_1822"
},
{
"text": "First National Assembly at Epidaurus",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_National_Assembly_at_Epidaurus"
},
{
"text": "[38]",
"url": "#cite_note-38"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1834 – Most of Germany forms the Zollverein customs union, the first such union between sovereign states.",
"html": "1834 – Most of Germany forms the Zollverein customs union, the first such union between sovereign states.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1834",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834"
},
{
"text": "Zollverein",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollverein"
},
{
"text": "[39]",
"url": "#cite_note-39"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1845 – The Philippines moves its national calendar to align with other Asian countries' calendars by skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. The change has been ordered by Governor–General Narciso Claveria to reform the country's calendar so that it aligns with the rest of Asia. Its territory has been one day behind the rest of Asia for 323 years since the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines on March 16, 1521.",
"html": "1845 – The Philippines moves its national calendar to align with other Asian countries' calendars by skipping Tuesday, December 31, 1844. The change has been ordered by Governor–General Narciso Claveria to reform the country's calendar so that it aligns with the rest of Asia. Its territory has been one day behind the rest of Asia for 323 years since the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines on March 16, 1521.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1845",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1845"
},
{
"text": "Narciso Claveria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narciso_Clavería_y_Zaldúa"
},
{
"text": "Ferdinand Magellan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan"
},
{
"text": "[40]",
"url": "#cite_note-40"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1847 – The world's first \"Mercy\" Hospital is founded in Pittsburgh, United States, by a group of Sisters of Mercy from Ireland; the name will go on to grace over 30 major hospitals throughout the world.",
"html": "1847 – The world's first \"Mercy\" Hospital is founded in Pittsburgh, United States, by a group of Sisters of Mercy from Ireland; the name will go on to grace over 30 major hospitals throughout the world.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1847",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1847"
},
{
"text": "\"Mercy\" Hospital",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPMC_Mercy"
},
{
"text": "Pittsburgh",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh"
},
{
"text": "Sisters of Mercy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisters_of_Mercy"
},
{
"text": "[41]",
"url": "#cite_note-41"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1860 – The first Polish postage stamp is issued, replacing the Russian stamps previously in use.",
"html": "1860 – The first Polish postage stamp is issued, replacing the Russian stamps previously in use.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1860",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860"
},
{
"text": "The first Polish postage stamp",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Poland#First_Polish_stamp"
},
{
"text": "Russian stamps",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia"
},
{
"text": "[42]",
"url": "#cite_note-42"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1861 – Liberal forces supporting Benito Juárez enter Mexico City.",
"html": "1861 – Liberal forces supporting Benito Juárez enter Mexico City.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1861",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861"
},
{
"text": "Liberal",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Mexico)"
},
{
"text": "Benito Juárez",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Juárez"
},
{
"text": "Mexico City",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City"
},
{
"text": "[43]",
"url": "#cite_note-43"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1863 – American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.",
"html": "1863 – American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1863",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863"
},
{
"text": "American Civil War",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"
},
{
"text": "Emancipation Proclamation",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation"
},
{
"text": "Confederate",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America"
},
{
"text": "[44]",
"url": "#cite_note-44"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1877 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.",
"html": "1877 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1877",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877"
},
{
"text": "Queen Victoria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria"
},
{
"text": "Empress of India",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_of_India"
},
{
"text": "[45]",
"url": "#cite_note-45"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1885 – Twenty-five nations adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for standard time (and also, time zones).",
"html": "1885 – Twenty-five nations adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for standard time (and also, time zones).",
"links": [
{
"text": "1885",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1885"
},
{
"text": "Sandford Fleming",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandford_Fleming"
},
{
"text": "standard time",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_time"
},
{
"text": "time zones",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone"
},
{
"text": "[46]",
"url": "#cite_note-46"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1890 – Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government as Italian Eritrea.",
"html": "1890 – Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government as Italian Eritrea.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1890",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890"
},
{
"text": "Eritrea",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea"
},
{
"text": "colony",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony"
},
{
"text": "Italian government",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Italy"
},
{
"text": "Italian Eritrea",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Eritrea"
},
{
"text": "[47]",
"url": "#cite_note-47"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1892 – Ellis Island begins processing immigrants into the United States.",
"html": "1892 – Ellis Island begins processing immigrants into the United States.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1892",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892"
},
{
"text": "Ellis Island",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Island"
},
{
"text": "immigrants into the United States",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States"
},
{
"text": "[48]",
"url": "#cite_note-48"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1898 – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.",
"html": "1898 – New York, New York annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.",
"links": [
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"text": "1898",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898"
},
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"text": "New York, New York",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"
},
{
"text": "City of Greater New York",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York"
},
{
"text": "boroughs",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City"
},
{
"text": "Manhattan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"
},
{
"text": "Brooklyn",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn"
},
{
"text": "Queens",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens"
},
{
"text": "The Bronx",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx"
},
{
"text": "Staten Island",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1899 – Spanish rule ends in Cuba.",
"html": "1899 – Spanish rule ends in Cuba.",
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"text": "1899",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899"
},
{
"text": "Spanish rule",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Cuba",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"
},
{
"text": "[49]",
"url": "#cite_note-49"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1900 – Nigeria becomes a British protectorate with Frederick Lugard as high commissioner.",
"html": "1900 – Nigeria becomes a British protectorate with Frederick Lugard as high commissioner.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1900",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900"
},
{
"text": "Nigeria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"
},
{
"text": "Frederick Lugard",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Lugard"
},
{
"text": "[50]",
"url": "#cite_note-50"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1901 – The Southern Nigeria Protectorate is established within the British Empire.",
"html": "1901 – The Southern Nigeria Protectorate is established within the British Empire.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1901",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901"
},
{
"text": "Southern Nigeria Protectorate",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate"
},
{
"text": "[51]",
"url": "#cite_note-51"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1901 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.",
"html": "1901 – The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.",
"links": [
{
"text": "New South Wales",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales"
},
{
"text": "Queensland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland"
},
{
"text": "Victoria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)"
},
{
"text": "South Australia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"
},
{
"text": "Tasmania",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania"
},
{
"text": "Western Australia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia"
},
{
"text": "federate",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Australia"
},
{
"text": "Commonwealth of Australia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"
},
{
"text": "Edmund Barton",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia"
},
{
"text": "[52]",
"url": "#cite_note-52"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1902 – The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.",
"html": "1902 – The first American college football bowl game, the Rose Bowl between Michigan and Stanford, is held in Pasadena, California.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1902",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902"
},
{
"text": "college football",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football"
},
{
"text": "bowl game",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_game"
},
{
"text": "Rose Bowl",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game"
},
{
"text": "Michigan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan"
},
{
"text": "Stanford",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University"
},
{
"text": "Pasadena, California",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California"
},
{
"text": "[53]",
"url": "#cite_note-53"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1910 – Captain David Beatty is promoted to rear admiral, and becomes the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy (except for royal family members) since Horatio Nelson.",
"html": "1910 – Captain David Beatty is promoted to rear admiral, and becomes the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy (except for royal family members) since Horatio Nelson.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1910",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910"
},
{
"text": "David Beatty",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beatty,_1st_Earl_Beatty"
},
{
"text": "rear admiral",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_admiral"
},
{
"text": "royal family",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_royal_family"
},
{
"text": "Horatio Nelson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson"
},
{
"text": "[54]",
"url": "#cite_note-54"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1912 – The Republic of China is established.",
"html": "1912 – The Republic of China is established.",
"links": [
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"text": "1912",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912"
},
{
"text": "Republic of China",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912–49)"
},
{
"text": "[55]",
"url": "#cite_note-55"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1914 – The SPT Airboat Line becomes the world's first scheduled airline to use a winged aircraft.",
"html": "1914 – The SPT Airboat Line becomes the world's first scheduled airline to use a winged aircraft.",
"links": [
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"text": "1914",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914"
},
{
"text": "SPT Airboat Line",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg–Tampa_Airboat_Line"
},
{
"text": "winged aircraft",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft"
},
{
"text": "[56]",
"url": "#cite_note-56"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1923 – Britain's Railways are grouped into the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, and LMS.",
"html": "1923 – Britain's Railways are grouped into the Big Four: LNER, GWR, SR, and LMS.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1923",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923"
},
{
"text": "Big Four",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_railway_companies_involved_in_the_1923_grouping#The_Big_Four"
},
{
"text": "LNER",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway"
},
{
"text": "GWR",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Western_Railway"
},
{
"text": "SR",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)"
},
{
"text": "LMS",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway"
},
{
"text": "[57]",
"url": "#cite_note-57"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1927 – New Mexican oil legislation goes into effect, leading to the formal outbreak of the Cristero War.",
"html": "1927 – New Mexican oil legislation goes into effect, leading to the formal outbreak of the Cristero War.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1927",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927"
},
{
"text": "Mexican",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"
},
{
"text": "Cristero War",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristero_War"
},
{
"text": "[58]",
"url": "#cite_note-58"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1928 – Boris Bazhanov defects through Iran to seek asylum in France. He is the only member of Joseph Stalin's secretariat to have defected from the Soviet Union.",
"html": "1928 – Boris Bazhanov defects through Iran to seek asylum in France. He is the only member of Joseph Stalin's secretariat to have defected from the Soviet Union.",
"links": [
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"text": "1928",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928"
},
{
"text": "Boris Bazhanov",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Bazhanov"
},
{
"text": "Iran",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"
},
{
"text": "France",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"
},
{
"text": "Joseph Stalin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin"
},
{
"text": "Soviet Union",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"
},
{
"text": "[59]",
"url": "#cite_note-59"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1929 – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated into Vancouver.",
"html": "1929 – The former municipalities of Point Grey, British Columbia and South Vancouver, British Columbia are amalgamated into Vancouver.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1929",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929"
},
{
"text": "Point Grey, British Columbia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Grey,_British_Columbia"
},
{
"text": "South Vancouver, British Columbia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vancouver,_British_Columbia"
},
{
"text": "amalgamated",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_(politics)"
},
{
"text": "Vancouver",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver"
},
{
"text": "[60]",
"url": "#cite_note-60"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1932 – The United States Post Office Department issues a set of 12 stamps commemorating the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.",
"html": "1932 – The United States Post Office Department issues a set of 12 stamps commemorating the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1932",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932"
},
{
"text": "United States Post Office Department",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department"
},
{
"text": "a set of 12 stamps",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Washington_Bicentennial"
},
{
"text": "George Washington's birth",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington's_Birthday"
},
{
"text": "[61]",
"url": "#cite_note-61"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1934 – Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay becomes a United States federal prison.",
"html": "1934 – Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay becomes a United States federal prison.",
"links": [
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"text": "1934",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934"
},
{
"text": "Alcatraz Island",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island"
},
{
"text": "San Francisco Bay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay"
},
{
"text": "United States federal prison",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Federal_Prison"
},
{
"text": "[62]",
"url": "#cite_note-62"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1934 – A \"Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring\" comes into effect in Nazi Germany.",
"html": "1934 – A \"Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring\" comes into effect in Nazi Germany.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_eugenics"
},
{
"text": "Nazi Germany",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany"
},
{
"text": "[63]",
"url": "#cite_note-63"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1942 – The Declaration by United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.",
"html": "1942 – The Declaration by United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1942",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942"
},
{
"text": "Declaration by United Nations",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations"
},
{
"text": "[64]",
"url": "#cite_note-64"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte, a massive, but failed, attempt to knock out Allied air power in northern Europe in a single blow.",
"html": "1945 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte, a massive, but failed, attempt to knock out Allied air power in northern Europe in a single blow.",
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{
"text": "1945",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945"
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{
"text": "World War II",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"
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{
"text": "Luftwaffe",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe"
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{
"text": "Operation Bodenplatte",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte"
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{
"text": "Allied",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II"
},
{
"text": "[65]",
"url": "#cite_note-65"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1947 – Cold War: The American and British occupation zones in Allied-occupied Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.",
"html": "1947 – Cold War: The American and British occupation zones in Allied-occupied Germany, after World War II, merge to form the Bizone, which later (with the French zone) became part of West Germany.",
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{
"text": "1947",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947"
},
{
"text": "Cold War",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War"
},
{
"text": "Allied-occupied Germany",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany"
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{
"text": "Bizone",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizone"
},
{
"text": "West Germany",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"
},
{
"text": "[66]",
"url": "#cite_note-66"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 comes into effect, converting British subjects into Canadian citizens. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.",
"html": "1947 – The Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 comes into effect, converting British subjects into Canadian citizens. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first Canadian citizen.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Canadian Citizenship Act 1946",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946"
},
{
"text": "British subjects",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_subject"
},
{
"text": "Canadian citizens",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law"
},
{
"text": "[67]",
"url": "#cite_note-Senate1952-67"
},
{
"text": "William Lyon Mackenzie King",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King"
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]
},
{
"text": "1948 – The British railway network is nationalized to form British Railways.",
"html": "1948 – The British railway network is nationalized to form British Railways.",
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{
"text": "1948",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948"
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"text": "British railway network",
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"text": "nationalized",
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{
"text": "British Railways",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail"
},
{
"text": "[68]",
"url": "#cite_note-68"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1949 – United Nations cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.",
"html": "1949 – United Nations cease-fire takes effect in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.",
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{
"text": "1949",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949"
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"text": "United Nations",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"
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"text": "cease-fire",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasefire"
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"text": "Kashmir",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir"
},
{
"text": "War between India and Pakistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947–1948"
},
{
"text": "[69]",
"url": "#cite_note-69"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1956 – Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom.",
"html": "1956 – Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom.",
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{
"text": "1956",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956"
},
{
"text": "Sudan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan"
},
{
"text": "Egypt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"
},
{
"text": "[70]",
"url": "#cite_note-70"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1957 – George Town, Penang, is made a city by a royal charter of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.",
"html": "1957 – George Town, Penang, is made a city by a royal charter of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1957",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957"
},
{
"text": "George Town, Penang",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Town,_Penang"
},
{
"text": "royal charter",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_charter"
},
{
"text": "Elizabeth II",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II"
},
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"text": "[71]",
"url": "#cite_note-71"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1957 – Lèse majesté in Thailand is strengthened to include \"insult\" and changed to a crime against national security, after the Thai criminal code of 1956 went into effect.: 6, 18 ",
"html": "1957 – Lèse majesté in Thailand is strengthened to include \"insult\" and changed to a crime against national security, after the Thai criminal code of 1956 went into effect.: 6, 18 ",
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"text": "Lèse majesté in Thailand",
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"text": "insult",
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"text": "national security",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security"
},
{
"text": "[72]",
"url": "#cite_note-CMU-72"
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]
},
{
"text": "1958 – The European Economic Community is established.",
"html": "1958 – The European Economic Community is established.",
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{
"text": "1958",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958"
},
{
"text": "European Economic Community",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community"
},
{
"text": "[73]",
"url": "#cite_note-73"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1959 – Cuban Revolution: Fulgencio Batista, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces.",
"html": "1959 – Cuban Revolution: Fulgencio Batista, dictator of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1959",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959"
},
{
"text": "Cuban Revolution",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Revolution"
},
{
"text": "Fulgencio Batista",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista"
},
{
"text": "Cuba",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"
},
{
"text": "Fidel Castro",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro"
},
{
"text": "[74]",
"url": "#cite_note-74"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1960 – Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.",
"html": "1960 – Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1960",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960"
},
{
"text": "Cameroon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon"
},
{
"text": "[75]",
"url": "#cite_note-75"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1962 – Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.",
"html": "1962 – Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1962",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962"
},
{
"text": "Western Samoa",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory"
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{
"text": "New Zealand",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"
},
{
"text": "Independent State of Western Samoa",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_State_of_Western_Samoa"
},
{
"text": "[76]",
"url": "#cite_note-76"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1964 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.",
"html": "1964 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1964",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964"
},
{
"text": "Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland"
},
{
"text": "Zambia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"
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{
"text": "Malawi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi"
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{
"text": "Rhodesia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"
},
{
"text": "[77]",
"url": "#cite_note-77"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1965 – The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.",
"html": "1965 – The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.",
"links": [
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"text": "1965",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965"
},
{
"text": "People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan"
},
{
"text": "Kabul, Afghanistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul"
},
{
"text": "[78]",
"url": "#cite_note-78"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1970 – The defined beginning of Unix time, at 00:00:00.",
"html": "1970 – The defined beginning of Unix time, at 00:00:00.",
"links": [
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"text": "1970",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970"
},
{
"text": "Unix time",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time"
},
{
"text": "[79]",
"url": "#cite_note-single-unix-spec-4.16-79"
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]
},
{
"text": "1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.",
"html": "1971 – Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1971",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971"
},
{
"text": "Cigarette",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette"
},
{
"text": "advertisements",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_marketing"
},
{
"text": "American television",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States"
},
{
"text": "[80]",
"url": "#cite_note-80"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1973 – Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom are admitted into the European Economic Community.",
"html": "1973 – Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom are admitted into the European Economic Community.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1973",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973"
},
{
"text": "Denmark",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark"
},
{
"text": "Ireland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland"
},
{
"text": "United Kingdom",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"
},
{
"text": "European Economic Community",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community"
},
{
"text": "[81]",
"url": "#cite_note-81"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1976 – A bomb explodes on board Middle East Airlines Flight 438 over Qaisumah, Saudi Arabia, killing all 81 people on board.",
"html": "1976 – A bomb explodes on board Middle East Airlines Flight 438 over Qaisumah, Saudi Arabia, killing all 81 people on board.",
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"text": "1976",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976"
},
{
"text": "Middle East Airlines Flight 438",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Airlines_Flight_438"
},
{
"text": "Qaisumah",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaisumah"
},
{
"text": "[82]",
"url": "#cite_note-82"
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]
},
{
"text": "1978 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the Arabian Sea off the coast of Bombay, India, due to instrument failure, spatial disorientation, and pilot error, killing all 213 people on board.",
"html": "1978 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the Arabian Sea off the coast of Bombay, India, due to instrument failure, spatial disorientation, and pilot error, killing all 213 people on board.",
"links": [
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"text": "1978",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978"
},
{
"text": "Air India Flight 855",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Flight_855"
},
{
"text": "Boeing 747",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747"
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{
"text": "Arabian Sea",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea"
},
{
"text": "Bombay, India",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"
},
{
"text": "spatial disorientation",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_disorientation"
},
{
"text": "pilot error",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_error"
},
{
"text": "[83]",
"url": "#cite_note-ASN-83"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1979 – the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and Taiwan Relations Act enter into force. Through the Communiqué, the United States establishes normal diplomatic relations with China. Through the Act, the United States guarantees military support for Taiwan.",
"html": "1979 – the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and Taiwan Relations Act enter into force. Through the Communiqué, the United States establishes normal diplomatic relations with China. Through the Act, the United States guarantees military support for Taiwan.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1979",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979"
},
{
"text": "Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Communiqué_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations"
},
{
"text": "Taiwan Relations Act",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act"
},
{
"text": "[84]",
"url": "#cite_note-84"
},
{
"text": "[85]",
"url": "#cite_note-85"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1981 – Greece is admitted into the European Community.",
"html": "1981 – Greece is admitted into the European Community.",
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"text": "1981",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981"
},
{
"text": "Greece",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"
},
{
"text": "[86]",
"url": "#cite_note-86"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1982 – Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary-General of the United Nations.",
"html": "1982 – Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary-General of the United Nations.",
"links": [
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"text": "1982",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982"
},
{
"text": "Peruvian",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"
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"text": "Javier Pérez de Cuéllar",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Pérez_de_Cuéllar"
},
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"text": "Latin American",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America"
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{
"text": "Secretary-General of the United Nations",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations"
},
{
"text": "[87]",
"url": "#cite_note-87"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using TCP/IP, the Internet Protocol, effectively creating the Internet.",
"html": "1983 – The ARPANET officially changes to using TCP/IP, the Internet Protocol, effectively creating the Internet.",
"links": [
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"text": "1983",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983"
},
{
"text": "ARPANET",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET"
},
{
"text": "Internet Protocol",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol"
},
{
"text": "Internet",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet"
},
{
"text": "[88]",
"url": "#cite_note-88"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice antitrust suit against AT&T.",
"html": "1984 – The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company is divested of its 22 Bell System companies as a result of the settlement of the 1974 United States Department of Justice antitrust suit against AT&T.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1984",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984"
},
{
"text": "American Telephone & Telegraph Company",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT&T_Corporation"
},
{
"text": "Bell System",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_System"
},
{
"text": "United States Department of Justice",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice"
},
{
"text": "antitrust",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law"
},
{
"text": "suit against AT&T",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_the_Bell_System"
},
{
"text": "[89]",
"url": "#cite_note-89"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom.",
"html": "1984 – Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Brunei",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei"
},
{
"text": "[90]",
"url": "#cite_note-90"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1985 – The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of Vodafone.",
"html": "1985 – The first British mobile phone call is made by Michael Harrison to his father Sir Ernest Harrison, chairman of Vodafone.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1985",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985"
},
{
"text": "mobile phone",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone"
},
{
"text": "Sir Ernest Harrison",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Harrison"
},
{
"text": "Vodafone",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone"
},
{
"text": "[91]",
"url": "#cite_note-91"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1985 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 980 crashes into Mount Illimani in Bolivia, killing all 29 aboard.",
"html": "1985 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 980 crashes into Mount Illimani in Bolivia, killing all 29 aboard.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Eastern Air Lines Flight 980",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines_Flight_980"
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{
"text": "Mount Illimani",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illimani"
},
{
"text": "[92]",
"url": "#cite_note-92"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1987 – The Isleta Pueblo tribe elect Verna Williamson to be their first female governor.",
"html": "1987 – The Isleta Pueblo tribe elect Verna Williamson to be their first female governor.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1987",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987"
},
{
"text": "Isleta Pueblo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_of_Isleta"
},
{
"text": "[93]",
"url": "#cite_note-93"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.",
"html": "1988 – The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America comes into existence, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1988",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988"
},
{
"text": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in America",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America"
},
{
"text": "Lutheran",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism"
},
{
"text": "denomination",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_denomination"
},
{
"text": "[94]",
"url": "#cite_note-94"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.",
"html": "1989 – The Montreal Protocol comes into force, stopping the use of chemicals contributing to ozone depletion.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1989",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989"
},
{
"text": "Montreal Protocol",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocol"
},
{
"text": "ozone depletion",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion"
},
{
"text": "[95]",
"url": "#cite_note-95"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1990 – David Dinkins is sworn in as New York City's first black mayor.",
"html": "1990 – David Dinkins is sworn in as New York City's first black mayor.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1990",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990"
},
{
"text": "David Dinkins",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dinkins"
},
{
"text": "New York City",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"
},
{
"text": "mayor",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City"
},
{
"text": "[96]",
"url": "#cite_note-96"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1993 – Dissolution of Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia is divided into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.",
"html": "1993 – Dissolution of Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia is divided into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1993",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993"
},
{
"text": "Dissolution of Czechoslovakia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia"
},
{
"text": "Czechoslovakia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia"
},
{
"text": "Czech Republic",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"
},
{
"text": "Slovak Republic",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia"
},
{
"text": "[97]",
"url": "#cite_note-97"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of Chiapas.",
"html": "1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation initiates twelve days of armed conflict in the Mexican state of Chiapas.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1994",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994"
},
{
"text": "Zapatista Army of National Liberation",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation"
},
{
"text": "Chiapas",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas"
},
{
"text": "[98]",
"url": "#cite_note-98"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect.",
"html": "1994 – The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect.",
"links": [
{
"text": "North American Free Trade Agreement",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement"
},
{
"text": "[99]",
"url": "#cite_note-99"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1995 – The World Trade Organization comes into being.",
"html": "1995 – The World Trade Organization comes into being.",
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{
"text": "1995",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995"
},
{
"text": "World Trade Organization",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization"
},
{
"text": "[100]",
"url": "#cite_note-100"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.",
"html": "1995 – The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Draupner wave",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draupner_wave"
},
{
"text": "North Sea",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea"
},
{
"text": "Norway",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"
},
{
"text": "freak waves",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_wave"
},
{
"text": "[101]",
"url": "#cite_note-101"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU.",
"html": "1995 – Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Austria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"
},
{
"text": "Finland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"
},
{
"text": "Sweden",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"
},
{
"text": "join the EU",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union"
},
{
"text": "[102]",
"url": "#cite_note-102"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Following a currency reform, Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.",
"html": "1998 – Following a currency reform, Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.",
"links": [
{
"text": "1998",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998"
},
{
"text": "currency reform",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_Russia,_1998"
},
{
"text": "rubles",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_ruble"
},
{
"text": "inflation",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation"
},
{
"text": "[103]",
"url": "#cite_note-103"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Argentinian physicist Juan Maldacena publishes a landmark paper initiating the study of AdS/CFT correspondence, which links string theory and quantum gravity.",
"html": "1998 – Argentinian physicist Juan Maldacena publishes a landmark paper initiating the study of AdS/CFT correspondence, which links string theory and quantum gravity.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Juan Maldacena",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Maldacena"
},
{
"text": "AdS/CFT correspondence",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT_correspondence"
},
{
"text": "string theory",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory"
},
{
"text": "quantum gravity",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity"
},
{
"text": "[104]",
"url": "#cite_note-104"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1999 – The Euro currency is introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).",
"html": "1999 – The Euro currency is introduced in 11 member nations of the European Union (with the exception of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden).",
"links": [
{
"text": "1999",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999"
},
{
"text": "Euro",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro"
},
{
"text": "European Union",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union"
},
{
"text": "[105]",
"url": "#cite_note-:0-105"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2001 – Greece adopts the Euro, becoming the 12th Eurozone country.",
"html": "2001 – Greece adopts the Euro, becoming the 12th Eurozone country.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2001",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001"
},
{
"text": "Greece",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"
},
{
"text": "Euro",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro"
},
{
"text": "Eurozone",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone"
},
{
"text": "[105]",
"url": "#cite_note-:0-105"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2004 – In a vote of confidence, General Pervez Musharraf wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the Electoral College of Pakistan, and according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, is \"deemed to be elected\" to the office of President until October 2007.",
"html": "2004 – In a vote of confidence, General Pervez Musharraf wins 658 out of 1,170 votes in the Electoral College of Pakistan, and according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, is \"deemed to be elected\" to the office of President until October 2007.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2004",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"
},
{
"text": "vote of confidence",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence"
},
{
"text": "Pervez Musharraf",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf"
},
{
"text": "Electoral College of Pakistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_(Pakistan)"
},
{
"text": "Constitution of Pakistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan"
},
{
"text": "President",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistan"
},
{
"text": "[106]",
"url": "#cite_note-106"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2007 – Bulgaria and Romania join the EU.",
"html": "2007 – Bulgaria and Romania join the EU.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2007",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"
},
{
"text": "Bulgaria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"
},
{
"text": "Romania",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"
},
{
"text": "join the EU",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union"
},
{
"text": "[107]",
"url": "#cite_note-107"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 breaks apart in mid-air and crashes near the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, killing all 102 people on board.",
"html": "2007 – Adam Air Flight 574 breaks apart in mid-air and crashes near the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, killing all 102 people on board.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Adam Air Flight 574",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Air_Flight_574"
},
{
"text": "Makassar Strait",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makassar_Strait"
},
{
"text": "[108]",
"url": "#cite_note-108"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.",
"html": "2009 – Sixty-six people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2009",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009"
},
{
"text": "nightclub fire",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santika_Club_fire"
},
{
"text": "Bangkok, Thailand",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok"
},
{
"text": "[109]",
"url": "#cite_note-109"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball tournament in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.",
"html": "2010 – A suicide car bomber detonates at a volleyball tournament in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, killing 105 and injuring 100 more.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2010",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010"
},
{
"text": "detonates at a volleyball tournament",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Lakki_Marwat_suicide_bombing"
},
{
"text": "[110]",
"url": "#cite_note-Times-110"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2011 – A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.",
"html": "2011 – A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt, leave a new year service, killing 23 people.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2011",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011"
},
{
"text": "explodes",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Alexandria_bombing"
},
{
"text": "Coptic Christians",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copts"
},
{
"text": "Alexandria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria"
},
{
"text": "[111]",
"url": "#cite_note-reuters-111"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2011 – Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the 17th Eurozone country.",
"html": "2011 – Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the 17th Eurozone country.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Estonia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia"
},
{
"text": "Eurozone",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone"
},
{
"text": "[112]",
"url": "#cite_note-112"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2013 – At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a stampede after celebrations at Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.",
"html": "2013 – At least 60 people are killed and 200 injured in a stampede after celebrations at Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2013",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013"
},
{
"text": "stampede",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Houphouët-Boigny_stampede"
},
{
"text": "Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_Félix_Houphouët-Boigny"
},
{
"text": "Abidjan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidjan"
},
{
"text": "[113]",
"url": "#cite_note-113"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – The Eurasian Economic Union comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.",
"html": "2015 – The Eurasian Economic Union comes into effect, creating a political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2015",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015"
},
{
"text": "Eurasian Economic Union",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union"
},
{
"text": "[114]",
"url": "#cite_note-114"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2017 – An attack on a nightclub in Istanbul, Turkey, during New Year's celebrations, kills 39 people and injures 79 others.",
"html": "2017 – An attack on a nightclub in Istanbul, Turkey, during New Year's celebrations, kills 39 people and injures 79 others.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2017",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017"
},
{
"text": "attack on a nightclub",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting"
},
{
"text": "Istanbul",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul"
},
{
"text": "[115]",
"url": "#cite_note-115"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2023 – Croatia officially adopts the Euro, becoming the 20th Eurozone country, and becomes the 27th member of the Schengen Area.",
"html": "2023 – Croatia officially adopts the Euro, becoming the 20th Eurozone country, and becomes the 27th member of the Schengen Area.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2023",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023"
},
{
"text": "Croatia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"
},
{
"text": "Schengen Area",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schengen_Area"
},
{
"text": "[116]",
"url": "#cite_note-116"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2024 – A 7.5 Mww earthquake strikes the western coast of Japan, killing more than 500 people and injuring over 1,000 others. A majority of direct deaths were due to collapsed homes.",
"html": "2024 – A 7.5 Mww earthquake strikes the western coast of Japan, killing more than 500 people and injuring over 1,000 others. A majority of direct deaths were due to collapsed homes.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2024",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024"
},
{
"text": "earthquake strikes",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake"
},
{
"text": "Japan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"
},
{
"text": "[117]",
"url": "#cite_note-SANKEI-117"
},
{
"text": "[118]",
"url": "#cite_note-118"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2024 – Disney's copyright protection on Steamboat Willie and the original Mickey Mouse expires as they enter the public domain.",
"html": "2024 – Disney's copyright protection on Steamboat Willie and the original Mickey Mouse expires as they enter the public domain.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Steamboat Willie",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat_Willie"
},
{
"text": "Mickey Mouse",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Mouse"
},
{
"text": "enter the public domain",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_public_domain"
},
{
"text": "[119]",
"url": "#cite_note-119"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2024 – Artsakh ceases to exist.",
"html": "2024 – Artsakh ceases to exist.",
"links": [
{
"text": "Artsakh",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh"
},
{
"text": "[120]",
"url": "#cite_note-120"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2025 – Fourteen people are killed and 57 others injured during a vehicle-ramming and shooting attack in New Orleans, Louisiana.",
"html": "2025 – Fourteen people are killed and 57 others injured during a vehicle-ramming and shooting attack in New Orleans, Louisiana.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2025",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025"
},
{
"text": "vehicle-ramming and shooting attack",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_New_Orleans_truck_attack"
},
{
"text": "New Orleans",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans"
},
{
"text": "Louisiana",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana"
},
{
"text": "[121]",
"url": "#cite_note-121"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2026 – Bulgaria officially adopts the Euro, becoming the 21st Eurozone country.",
"html": "2026 – Bulgaria officially adopts the Euro, becoming the 21st Eurozone country.",
"links": [
{
"text": "2026",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026"
},
{
"text": "Bulgaria",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"
},
{
"text": "[122]",
"url": "#cite_note-122"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2026 – A fire at a bar during New Year's Eve celebrations in Crans-Montana, Switzerland, kills 41 people and injures 116 others.",
"html": "2026 – A fire at a bar during New Year's Eve celebrations in Crans-Montana, Switzerland, kills 41 people and injures 116 others.",
"links": [
{
"text": "fire at a bar",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Crans-Montana_bar_fire"
},
{
"text": "Crans-Montana",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crans-Montana"
},
{
"text": "[123]",
"url": "#cite_note-123"
}
]
}
],
"Births": [
{
"text": "766 – Ali al-Ridha, 8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam (died 818)",
"html": "766 – Ali al-Ridha, 8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam (died 818)",
"links": [
{
"text": "766",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/766"
},
{
"text": "Ali al-Ridha",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Ridha"
},
{
"text": "Imam",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamate_(Twelver_doctrine)"
},
{
"text": "Twelver",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelver"
},
{
"text": "Shia Islam",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam"
},
{
"text": "[124]",
"url": "#cite_note-124"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1431 – Pope Alexander VI (died 1503)",
"html": "1431 – Pope Alexander VI (died 1503)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1431",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1431"
},
{
"text": "Pope Alexander VI",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI"
},
{
"text": "[125]",
"url": "#cite_note-125"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian politician (died 1492)",
"html": "1449 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian politician (died 1492)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1449",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1449"
},
{
"text": "Lorenzo de' Medici",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_de'_Medici"
},
{
"text": "[126]",
"url": "#cite_note-126"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1467 – Sigismund I the Old, Polish king (died 1548)",
"html": "1467 – Sigismund I the Old, Polish king (died 1548)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1467",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1467"
},
{
"text": "Sigismund I the Old",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismund_I_the_Old"
},
{
"text": "[127]",
"url": "#cite_note-127"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1484 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss pastor and theologian (died 1531)",
"html": "1484 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss pastor and theologian (died 1531)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1484",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1484"
},
{
"text": "Huldrych Zwingli",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli"
},
{
"text": "[128]",
"url": "#cite_note-128"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1511 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, first-born child of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon (died 1511)",
"html": "1511 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, first-born child of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon (died 1511)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1511",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1511"
},
{
"text": "Henry, Duke of Cornwall",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Cornwall"
},
{
"text": "Henry VIII of England",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England"
},
{
"text": "Catherine of Aragon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon"
},
{
"text": "[129]",
"url": "#cite_note-129"
},
{
"text": "[130]",
"url": "#cite_note-130"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1557 – Stephen Bocskay, Prince of Transylvania (died 1606)",
"html": "1557 – Stephen Bocskay, Prince of Transylvania (died 1606)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1557",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1557"
},
{
"text": "Stephen Bocskay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Bocskay"
},
{
"text": "[131]",
"url": "#cite_note-auto-131"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1600 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian and academic (died 1649)",
"html": "1600 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian and academic (died 1649)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1600",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1600"
},
{
"text": "Friedrich Spanheim",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Spanheim"
},
{
"text": "[132]",
"url": "#cite_note-132"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1628 – Christoph Bernhard, German composer and theorist (died 1692)",
"html": "1628 – Christoph Bernhard, German composer and theorist (died 1692)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1628",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1628"
},
{
"text": "Christoph Bernhard",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Bernhard"
},
{
"text": "[133]",
"url": "#cite_note-Don1996-133"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (died 1728)",
"html": "1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (died 1728)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1655",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1655"
},
{
"text": "Christian Thomasius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Thomasius"
},
{
"text": "[134]",
"url": "#cite_note-134"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1684 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch scholar and author (died 1748)",
"html": "1684 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch scholar and author (died 1748)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1684",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1684"
},
{
"text": "Arnold Drakenborch",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Drakenborch"
},
{
"text": "[131]",
"url": "#cite_note-auto-131"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1704 – Soame Jenyns, English author, poet, and politician (died 1787)",
"html": "1704 – Soame Jenyns, English author, poet, and politician (died 1787)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1704",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1704"
},
{
"text": "Soame Jenyns",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soame_Jenyns"
},
{
"text": "[135]",
"url": "#cite_note-135"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1711 – Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (died 1749)",
"html": "1711 – Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (died 1749)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1711",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1711"
},
{
"text": "Baron Franz von der Trenck",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Franz_von_der_Trenck"
},
{
"text": "[136]",
"url": "#cite_note-136"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1714 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian soprano and author (died 1800)",
"html": "1714 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian soprano and author (died 1800)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1714",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1714"
},
{
"text": "Giovanni Battista Mancini",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Mancini"
},
{
"text": "[137]",
"url": "#cite_note-137"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian pastor and poet (died 1780)",
"html": "1714 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian pastor and poet (died 1780)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Kristijonas Donelaitis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristijonas_Donelaitis"
},
{
"text": "[138]",
"url": "#cite_note-138"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1735 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and engraver (died 1818)",
"html": "1735 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and engraver (died 1818)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1735",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1735"
},
{
"text": "Paul Revere",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere"
},
{
"text": "[139]",
"url": "#cite_note-139"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (died 1796)",
"html": "1745 – Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (died 1796)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1745",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1745"
},
{
"text": "Anthony Wayne",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Wayne"
},
{
"text": "[140]",
"url": "#cite_note-140"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, sewed flags for the Pennsylvania Navy during the Revolutionary War (died 1836)",
"html": "1752 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, sewed flags for the Pennsylvania Navy during the Revolutionary War (died 1836)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1752",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1752"
},
{
"text": "Betsy Ross",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_Ross"
},
{
"text": "[141]",
"url": "#cite_note-141"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1768 – Maria Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish author (died 1849)",
"html": "1768 – Maria Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish author (died 1849)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1768",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1768"
},
{
"text": "Maria Edgeworth",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth"
},
{
"text": "[142]",
"url": "#cite_note-142"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1769 – Marie-Louise Lachapelle, French obstetrician (died 1821)",
"html": "1769 – Marie-Louise Lachapelle, French obstetrician (died 1821)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1769",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1769"
},
{
"text": "Marie-Louise Lachapelle",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Louise_Lachapelle"
},
{
"text": "obstetrician",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrician"
},
{
"text": "[143]",
"url": "#cite_note-143"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1774 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist and academic (died 1860)",
"html": "1774 – André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist and academic (died 1860)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1774",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1774"
},
{
"text": "André Marie Constant Duméril",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Marie_Constant_Duméril"
},
{
"text": "[144]",
"url": "#cite_note-144"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1779 – William Clowes, English publisher (died 1847)",
"html": "1779 – William Clowes, English publisher (died 1847)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1779",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1779"
},
{
"text": "William Clowes",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clowes_(printer)"
},
{
"text": "[145]",
"url": "#cite_note-145"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1803 – Edward Dickinson, American politician and father of poet Emily Dickinson (died 1874)",
"html": "1803 – Edward Dickinson, American politician and father of poet Emily Dickinson (died 1874)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1803",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1803"
},
{
"text": "Edward Dickinson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Dickinson"
},
{
"text": "Emily Dickinson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Dickinson"
},
{
"text": "[146]",
"url": "#cite_note-146"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1806 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (died 1853)",
"html": "1806 – Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (died 1853)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1806",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1806"
},
{
"text": "Lionel Kieseritzky",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Kieseritzky"
},
{
"text": "[147]",
"url": "#cite_note-Gaige1969-147"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1809 – Achille Guenée, French lawyer and entomologist (died 1880)",
"html": "1809 – Achille Guenée, French lawyer and entomologist (died 1880)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1809",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1809"
},
{
"text": "Achille Guenée",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achille_Guenée"
},
{
"text": "[148]",
"url": "#cite_note-148"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1813 – George Bliss, American politician (died 1868)",
"html": "1813 – George Bliss, American politician (died 1868)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1813",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1813"
},
{
"text": "George Bliss",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bliss_(Congressman)"
},
{
"text": "[149]",
"url": "#cite_note-149"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1814 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebellion leader and king (died 1864)",
"html": "1814 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebellion leader and king (died 1864)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1814",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1814"
},
{
"text": "Hong Xiuquan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan"
},
{
"text": "[150]",
"url": "#cite_note-150"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1818 – William Gamble, Irish-born American general (died 1866)",
"html": "1818 – William Gamble, Irish-born American general (died 1866)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1818",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818"
},
{
"text": "William Gamble",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gamble_(general)"
},
{
"text": "[151]",
"url": "#cite_note-151"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1819 – Arthur Hugh Clough, English-Italian poet and academic (died 1861)",
"html": "1819 – Arthur Hugh Clough, English-Italian poet and academic (died 1861)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1819",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1819"
},
{
"text": "Arthur Hugh Clough",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Hugh_Clough"
},
{
"text": "[152]",
"url": "#cite_note-152"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1819 – George Foster Shepley, American general (died 1878)",
"html": "1819 – George Foster Shepley, American general (died 1878)",
"links": [
{
"text": "George Foster Shepley",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Foster_Shepley_(judge)"
},
{
"text": "[153]",
"url": "#cite_note-153"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1823 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet and activist (died 1849)",
"html": "1823 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet and activist (died 1849)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1823",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823"
},
{
"text": "Sándor Petőfi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sándor_Petőfi"
},
{
"text": "[154]",
"url": "#cite_note-154"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1833 – Robert Lawson, Scottish-New Zealand architect, designed the Otago Boys' High School and Knox Church (died 1902)",
"html": "1833 – Robert Lawson, Scottish-New Zealand architect, designed the Otago Boys' High School and Knox Church (died 1902)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1833",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1833"
},
{
"text": "Robert Lawson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lawson_(architect)"
},
{
"text": "Otago Boys' High School",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago_Boys'_High_School"
},
{
"text": "Knox Church",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knox_Church,_Dunedin"
},
{
"text": "[155]",
"url": "#cite_note-155"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1834 – Ludovic Halévy, French author and playwright (died 1908)",
"html": "1834 – Ludovic Halévy, French author and playwright (died 1908)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1834",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834"
},
{
"text": "Ludovic Halévy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_Halévy"
},
{
"text": "[156]",
"url": "#cite_note-156"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1839 – Ouida, English-Italian author and activist (died 1908)",
"html": "1839 – Ouida, English-Italian author and activist (died 1908)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1839",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839"
},
{
"text": "Ouida",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouida"
},
{
"text": "[157]",
"url": "#cite_note-157"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1848 – John W. Goff, Irish-American lawyer and politician (died 1924)",
"html": "1848 – John W. Goff, Irish-American lawyer and politician (died 1924)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1848",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848"
},
{
"text": "John W. Goff",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Goff"
},
{
"text": "[158]",
"url": "#cite_note-158"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1852 – Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, French chemist and academic (died 1904)",
"html": "1852 – Eugène-Anatole Demarçay, French chemist and academic (died 1904)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1852",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1852"
},
{
"text": "Eugène-Anatole Demarçay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugène-Anatole_Demarçay"
},
{
"text": "[159]",
"url": "#cite_note-159"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1854 – James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist and academic (died 1941)",
"html": "1854 – James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist and academic (died 1941)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1854",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854"
},
{
"text": "James George Frazer",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_George_Frazer"
},
{
"text": "[160]",
"url": "#cite_note-160"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1854 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (died 1940)",
"html": "1854 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (died 1940)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Thomas Waddell",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Waddell"
},
{
"text": "Premier of New South Wales",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales"
},
{
"text": "[161]",
"url": "#cite_note-161"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1857 – Tim Keefe, American baseball player (died 1933)",
"html": "1857 – Tim Keefe, American baseball player (died 1933)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1857",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1857"
},
{
"text": "Tim Keefe",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Keefe"
},
{
"text": "[162]",
"url": "#cite_note-162"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1858 – Heinrich Rauchinger, Kraków-born painter (died 1942)",
"html": "1858 – Heinrich Rauchinger, Kraków-born painter (died 1942)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1858",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1858"
},
{
"text": "Heinrich Rauchinger",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rauchinger"
},
{
"text": "[163]",
"url": "#cite_note-163"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1859 – Michael Joseph Owens, American inventor (died 1923)",
"html": "1859 – Michael Joseph Owens, American inventor (died 1923)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1859",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859"
},
{
"text": "Michael Joseph Owens",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Owens"
},
{
"text": "[164]",
"url": "#cite_note-164"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1859 – Thibaw Min, Burmese king (died 1916)",
"html": "1859 – Thibaw Min, Burmese king (died 1916)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Thibaw Min",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thibaw_Min"
},
{
"text": "[165]",
"url": "#cite_note-165"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1860 – Michele Lega, Italian cardinal (died 1935)",
"html": "1860 – Michele Lega, Italian cardinal (died 1935)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1860",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860"
},
{
"text": "Michele Lega",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_Lega"
},
{
"text": "[166]",
"url": "#cite_note-166"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1863 – Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and educator, founded the International Olympic Committee (died 1937)",
"html": "1863 – Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and educator, founded the International Olympic Committee (died 1937)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1863",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863"
},
{
"text": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin"
},
{
"text": "International Olympic Committee",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee"
},
{
"text": "[167]",
"url": "#cite_note-167"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1864 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (died 1946)",
"html": "1864 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (died 1946)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1864",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864"
},
{
"text": "Alfred Stieglitz",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz"
},
{
"text": "[168]",
"url": "#cite_note-168"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1864 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (died 1957)",
"html": "1864 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (died 1957)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Qi Baishi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_Baishi"
},
{
"text": "[169]",
"url": "#cite_note-169"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1865 – Harry Coulby, American businessman (died 1929)",
"html": "1865 – Harry Coulby, American businessman (died 1929)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1865",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865"
},
{
"text": "Harry Coulby",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Coulby"
},
{
"text": "[170]",
"url": "#cite_note-170"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1867 – Mary Acworth Evershed, English astronomer and scholar (died 1949)",
"html": "1867 – Mary Acworth Evershed, English astronomer and scholar (died 1949)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1867",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867"
},
{
"text": "Mary Acworth Evershed",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Acworth_Evershed"
},
{
"text": "[171]",
"url": "#cite_note-171"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1874 – Frank Knox, American publisher and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1944)",
"html": "1874 – Frank Knox, American publisher and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1874",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1874"
},
{
"text": "Frank Knox",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Knox"
},
{
"text": "United States Secretary of the Navy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy"
},
{
"text": "[172]",
"url": "#cite_note-172"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1874 – Gustave Whitehead, German-American pilot and engineer (died 1927)",
"html": "1874 – Gustave Whitehead, German-American pilot and engineer (died 1927)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Gustave Whitehead",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Whitehead"
},
{
"text": "[173]",
"url": "#cite_note-173"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1877 – Alexander von Staël-Holstein, German sinologist and orientalist (died 1937)",
"html": "1877 – Alexander von Staël-Holstein, German sinologist and orientalist (died 1937)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1877",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877"
},
{
"text": "Alexander von Staël-Holstein",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Staël-Holstein"
},
{
"text": "[174]",
"url": "#cite_note-174"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1878 – Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish mathematician, statistician, and engineer (died 1929)",
"html": "1878 – Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish mathematician, statistician, and engineer (died 1929)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1878",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878"
},
{
"text": "Agner Krarup Erlang",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agner_Krarup_Erlang"
},
{
"text": "[175]",
"url": "#cite_note-175"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1879 – E. M. Forster, English author and playwright (died 1970)",
"html": "1879 – E. M. Forster, English author and playwright (died 1970)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1879",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879"
},
{
"text": "E. M. Forster",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._M._Forster"
},
{
"text": "[176]",
"url": "#cite_note-176"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (died 1952)",
"html": "1879 – William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (died 1952)",
"links": [
{
"text": "William Fox",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)"
},
{
"text": "Fox Film Corporation",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation"
},
{
"text": "Fox Theatres",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Theatres"
},
{
"text": "[177]",
"url": "#cite_note-177"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1883 – William J. Donovan, American general, lawyer, and politician (died 1959)",
"html": "1883 – William J. Donovan, American general, lawyer, and politician (died 1959)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1883",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883"
},
{
"text": "William J. Donovan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Donovan"
},
{
"text": "[178]",
"url": "#cite_note-178"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1883 – Noe Khomeriki, Georgian Social Democrat politician (died 1924)",
"html": "1883 – Noe Khomeriki, Georgian Social Democrat politician (died 1924)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Noe Khomeriki",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noe_Khomeriki"
},
{
"text": "[179]",
"url": "#cite_note-179"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1884 – Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese lieutenant, engineer, and politician, founded Nakajima Aircraft Company (died 1949)",
"html": "1884 – Chikuhei Nakajima, Japanese lieutenant, engineer, and politician, founded Nakajima Aircraft Company (died 1949)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1884",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884"
},
{
"text": "Chikuhei Nakajima",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikuhei_Nakajima"
},
{
"text": "Nakajima Aircraft Company",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakajima_Aircraft_Company"
},
{
"text": "[180]",
"url": "#cite_note-180"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1887 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (died 1945)",
"html": "1887 – Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (died 1945)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1887",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887"
},
{
"text": "Wilhelm Canaris",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris"
},
{
"text": "[181]",
"url": "#cite_note-181"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1888 – Chesley Bonestell, American painter, designer, and illustrator (died 1986)",
"html": "1888 – Chesley Bonestell, American painter, designer, and illustrator (died 1986)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1888",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888"
},
{
"text": "Chesley Bonestell",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesley_Bonestell"
},
{
"text": "[182]",
"url": "#cite_note-182"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1888 – John Garand, Canadian-American engineer, designed the M1 Garand rifle (died 1974)",
"html": "1888 – John Garand, Canadian-American engineer, designed the M1 Garand rifle (died 1974)",
"links": [
{
"text": "John Garand",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Garand"
},
{
"text": "M1 Garand rifle",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Garand"
},
{
"text": "[183]",
"url": "#cite_note-183"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1888 – Georgios Stanotas, Greek general (died 1965)",
"html": "1888 – Georgios Stanotas, Greek general (died 1965)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Georgios Stanotas",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Stanotas"
},
{
"text": "[184]",
"url": "#cite_note-184"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1889 – Charles Bickford, American actor (died 1967)",
"html": "1889 – Charles Bickford, American actor (died 1967)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1889",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889"
},
{
"text": "Charles Bickford",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bickford"
},
{
"text": "[185]",
"url": "#cite_note-185"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1889 – Seabury Quinn, American author (died 1969)",
"html": "1889 – Seabury Quinn, American author (died 1969)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Seabury Quinn",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabury_Quinn"
},
{
"text": "[186]",
"url": "#cite_note-186"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1890 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer and academic (died 1966)",
"html": "1890 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer and academic (died 1966)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1890",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890"
},
{
"text": "Anton Melik",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Melik"
},
{
"text": "[187]",
"url": "#cite_note-187"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1891 – Sampurnanand, Indian educator and politician, 3rd Governor of Rajasthan (died 1969)",
"html": "1891 – Sampurnanand, Indian educator and politician, 3rd Governor of Rajasthan (died 1969)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1891",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891"
},
{
"text": "Sampurnanand",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampurnanand"
},
{
"text": "Governor of Rajasthan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Rajasthan"
},
{
"text": "[188]",
"url": "#cite_note-188"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1892 – Mahadev Desai, Indian author and activist (died 1942)",
"html": "1892 – Mahadev Desai, Indian author and activist (died 1942)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1892",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892"
},
{
"text": "Mahadev Desai",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahadev_Desai"
},
{
"text": "[189]",
"url": "#cite_note-189"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1892 – Artur Rodziński, Polish-American conductor (died 1958)",
"html": "1892 – Artur Rodziński, Polish-American conductor (died 1958)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Artur Rodziński",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur_Rodziński"
},
{
"text": "[190]",
"url": "#cite_note-190"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1892 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Philippines (died 1948)",
"html": "1892 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Philippines (died 1948)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Manuel Roxas",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas"
},
{
"text": "President of the Philippines",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines"
},
{
"text": "[191]",
"url": "#cite_note-191"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1893 – Mordechai Frizis, Greek colonel (died 1940)",
"html": "1893 – Mordechai Frizis, Greek colonel (died 1940)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1893",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893"
},
{
"text": "Mordechai Frizis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordechai_Frizis"
},
{
"text": "[192]",
"url": "#cite_note-192"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1893 – Heinie Miller, American football player and coach (died 1964)",
"html": "1893 – Heinie Miller, American football player and coach (died 1964)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Heinie Miller",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinie_Miller"
},
{
"text": "[193]",
"url": "#cite_note-193"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1894 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist and mathematician (died 1974)",
"html": "1894 – Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian physicist and mathematician (died 1974)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1894",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894"
},
{
"text": "Satyendra Nath Bose",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose"
},
{
"text": "[194]",
"url": "#cite_note-194"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1894 – Edward Joseph Hunkeler, American clergyman (died 1970)",
"html": "1894 – Edward Joseph Hunkeler, American clergyman (died 1970)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Edward Joseph Hunkeler",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Joseph_Hunkeler"
},
{
"text": "[195]",
"url": "#cite_note-195"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1895 – J. Edgar Hoover, American law enforcement official; 1st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (died 1972)",
"html": "1895 – J. Edgar Hoover, American law enforcement official; 1st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (died 1972)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1895",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895"
},
{
"text": "J. Edgar Hoover",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover"
},
{
"text": "Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation"
},
{
"text": "[196]",
"url": "#cite_note-196"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1899 – Randolfo Pacciardi, centre-left Italian politician (died 1991)",
"html": "1899 – Randolfo Pacciardi, centre-left Italian politician (died 1991)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1899",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899"
},
{
"text": "Randolfo Pacciardi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolfo_Pacciardi"
},
{
"text": "[197]",
"url": "#cite_note-197"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1900 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese soldier and diplomat (died 1986)",
"html": "1900 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese soldier and diplomat (died 1986)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1900",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900"
},
{
"text": "Chiune Sugihara",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara"
},
{
"text": "[198]",
"url": "#cite_note-198"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1900 – Xavier Cugat, Spanish-American singer-songwriter and actor (died 1990)",
"html": "1900 – Xavier Cugat, Spanish-American singer-songwriter and actor (died 1990)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Xavier Cugat",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Cugat"
},
{
"text": "[199]",
"url": "#cite_note-199"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1902 – Buster Nupen, Norwegian-South African cricketer and lawyer (died 1977)",
"html": "1902 – Buster Nupen, Norwegian-South African cricketer and lawyer (died 1977)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1902",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902"
},
{
"text": "Buster Nupen",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster_Nupen"
},
{
"text": "[200]",
"url": "#cite_note-200"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1902 – Hans von Dohnányi, German jurist and political dissident (died 1945)",
"html": "1902 – Hans von Dohnányi, German jurist and political dissident (died 1945)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Hans von Dohnányi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_von_Dohnányi"
},
{
"text": "[201]",
"url": "#cite_note-201"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1904 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 5th President of Pakistan (died 1982)",
"html": "1904 – Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 5th President of Pakistan (died 1982)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1904",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904"
},
{
"text": "Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazal_Ilahi_Chaudhry"
},
{
"text": "President of Pakistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Pakistan"
},
{
"text": "[202]",
"url": "#cite_note-202"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1905 – Stanisław Mazur, Ukrainian-Polish mathematician and theorist (died 1981)",
"html": "1905 – Stanisław Mazur, Ukrainian-Polish mathematician and theorist (died 1981)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1905",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905"
},
{
"text": "Stanisław Mazur",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanisław_Mazur"
},
{
"text": "[203]",
"url": "#cite_note-203"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1905 – Lise Lindbæk, Norwegian journalist and war correspondent (died 1961)",
"html": "1905 – Lise Lindbæk, Norwegian journalist and war correspondent (died 1961)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Lise Lindbæk",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Lindbæk"
},
{
"text": "[204]",
"url": "#cite_note-204"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1906 – Manuel Silos, Filipino filmmaker and actor (died 1988)",
"html": "1906 – Manuel Silos, Filipino filmmaker and actor (died 1988)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1906",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906"
},
{
"text": "Manuel Silos",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Silos"
},
{
"text": "[205]",
"url": "#cite_note-205"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1907 – Kinue Hitomi, Japanese sprinter and long jumper (died 1931)",
"html": "1907 – Kinue Hitomi, Japanese sprinter and long jumper (died 1931)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1907",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907"
},
{
"text": "Kinue Hitomi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinue_Hitomi"
},
{
"text": "[206]",
"url": "#cite_note-206"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1909 – Dana Andrews, American actor (died 1992)",
"html": "1909 – Dana Andrews, American actor (died 1992)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1909",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909"
},
{
"text": "Dana Andrews",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Andrews"
},
{
"text": "[207]",
"url": "#cite_note-207"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1909 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian soldier and politician (died 1959)",
"html": "1909 – Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian soldier and politician (died 1959)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Stepan Bandera",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Bandera"
},
{
"text": "[208]",
"url": "#cite_note-208"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1909 – Peggy Dennis, American-Russian journalist, author, and activist (died 1993)",
"html": "1909 – Peggy Dennis, American-Russian journalist, author, and activist (died 1993)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Peggy Dennis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Dennis"
},
{
"text": "[209]",
"url": "#cite_note-209"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1911 – Basil Dearden, English director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1971)",
"html": "1911 – Basil Dearden, English director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1971)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1911",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911"
},
{
"text": "Basil Dearden",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Dearden"
},
{
"text": "[210]",
"url": "#cite_note-210"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (died 1986)",
"html": "1911 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (died 1986)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Hank Greenberg",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Greenberg"
},
{
"text": "[211]",
"url": "#cite_note-211"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist and educator (died 2012)",
"html": "1911 – Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist and educator (died 2012)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Roman Totenberg",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Totenberg"
},
{
"text": "[212]",
"url": "#cite_note-212"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1911 – Audrey Wurdemann, American poet and author (died 1960)",
"html": "1911 – Audrey Wurdemann, American poet and author (died 1960)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Audrey Wurdemann",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Wurdemann"
},
{
"text": "[213]",
"url": "#cite_note-213"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician and historian (died 1995)",
"html": "1912 – Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician and historian (died 1995)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1912",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912"
},
{
"text": "Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Vladimirovich_Gnedenko"
},
{
"text": "[214]",
"url": "#cite_note-214"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (died 1988)",
"html": "1912 – Kim Philby, British spy (died 1988)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Kim Philby",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Philby"
},
{
"text": "[215]",
"url": "#cite_note-215"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and academic (died 1991)",
"html": "1912 – Nikiforos Vrettakos, Greek poet and academic (died 1991)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Nikiforos Vrettakos",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikiforos_Vrettakos"
},
{
"text": "[216]",
"url": "#cite_note-216"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, British SOE agent (died 1944)",
"html": "1914 – Noor Inayat Khan, British SOE agent (died 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1914",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914"
},
{
"text": "Noor Inayat Khan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Inayat_Khan"
},
{
"text": "SOE",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive"
},
{
"text": "[217]",
"url": "#cite_note-217"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1917 – Shannon Bolin, American actress and singer (died 2016)",
"html": "1917 – Shannon Bolin, American actress and singer (died 2016)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1917",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917"
},
{
"text": "Shannon Bolin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Bolin"
},
{
"text": "[218]",
"url": "#cite_note-218"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1918 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (died 2000)",
"html": "1918 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (died 2000)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1918",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918"
},
{
"text": "Patrick Anthony Porteous",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Anthony_Porteous"
},
{
"text": "Victoria Cross",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross"
},
{
"text": "[220]",
"url": "#cite_note-220"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1918 – Willy den Ouden, Dutch swimmer (died 1997)",
"html": "1918 – Willy den Ouden, Dutch swimmer (died 1997)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Willy den Ouden",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_den_Ouden"
},
{
"text": "[221]",
"url": "#cite_note-221"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1919 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer and actor (died 1990)",
"html": "1919 – Rocky Graziano, American boxer and actor (died 1990)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1919",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919"
},
{
"text": "Rocky Graziano",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Graziano"
},
{
"text": "[222]",
"url": "#cite_note-222"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1919 – Carole Landis, American actress (died 1948)",
"html": "1919 – Carole Landis, American actress (died 1948)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Carole Landis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Landis"
},
{
"text": "[223]",
"url": "#cite_note-223"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1919 – Sheila Mercier, British actress, Emmerdale Farm (died 2019)",
"html": "1919 – Sheila Mercier, British actress, Emmerdale Farm (died 2019)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Sheila Mercier",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Mercier"
},
{
"text": "Emmerdale Farm",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmerdale_Farm"
},
{
"text": "[224]",
"url": "#cite_note-224"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1919 – Bones McKinney, American basketball player (died 1997)",
"html": "1919 – Bones McKinney, American basketball player (died 1997)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Bones McKinney",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bones_McKinney"
},
{
"text": "[225]",
"url": "#cite_note-225"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1919 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (died 2010)",
"html": "1919 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (died 2010)",
"links": [
{
"text": "J. D. Salinger",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger"
},
{
"text": "[226]",
"url": "#cite_note-226"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1920 – Osvaldo Cavandoli, Italian cartoonist (died 2007)",
"html": "1920 – Osvaldo Cavandoli, Italian cartoonist (died 2007)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1920",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920"
},
{
"text": "Osvaldo Cavandoli",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaldo_Cavandoli"
},
{
"text": "[227]",
"url": "#cite_note-227"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1921 – Ismail al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American philosopher and academic (died 1986)",
"html": "1921 – Ismail al-Faruqi, Palestinian-American philosopher and academic (died 1986)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1921",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921"
},
{
"text": "Ismail al-Faruqi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_al-Faruqi"
},
{
"text": "[228]",
"url": "#cite_note-228"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1921 – César Baldaccini, French sculptor and academic (died 1998)",
"html": "1921 – César Baldaccini, French sculptor and academic (died 1998)",
"links": [
{
"text": "César Baldaccini",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/César_Baldaccini"
},
{
"text": "[229]",
"url": "#cite_note-229"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1921 – Regina Bianchi, Italian actress (died 2013)",
"html": "1921 – Regina Bianchi, Italian actress (died 2013)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Regina Bianchi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_Bianchi"
},
{
"text": "[230]",
"url": "#cite_note-230"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1921 – Johnny Logan, American basketball player (died 1977)",
"html": "1921 – Johnny Logan, American basketball player (died 1977)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Johnny Logan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Logan_(basketball)"
},
{
"text": "[231]",
"url": "#cite_note-231"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1922 – Ernest Hollings, American soldier and politician, 106th Governor of South Carolina (died 2019)",
"html": "1922 – Ernest Hollings, American soldier and politician, 106th Governor of South Carolina (died 2019)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1922",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922"
},
{
"text": "Ernest Hollings",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hollings"
},
{
"text": "Governor of South Carolina",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina"
},
{
"text": "[232]",
"url": "#cite_note-232"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1923 – Barbara Baxley, American actress (died 1990)",
"html": "1923 – Barbara Baxley, American actress (died 1990)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1923",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923"
},
{
"text": "Barbara Baxley",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Baxley"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
},
{
"text": "[233]",
"url": "#cite_note-nypl-233"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1923 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress (died 2019)",
"html": "1923 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress (died 2019)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Valentina Cortese",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentina_Cortese"
},
{
"text": "[234]",
"url": "#cite_note-234"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1923 – Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist and composer (died 1999)",
"html": "1923 – Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist and composer (died 1999)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Milt Jackson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt_Jackson"
},
{
"text": "[235]",
"url": "#cite_note-235"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1924 – Francisco Macías Nguema, Equatorial Guinean politician, 1st President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (died 1979)",
"html": "1924 – Francisco Macías Nguema, Equatorial Guinean politician, 1st President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (died 1979)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1924",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924"
},
{
"text": "Francisco Macías Nguema",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Macías_Nguema"
},
{
"text": "President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Equatorial_Guinea"
},
{
"text": "[236]",
"url": "#cite_note-236"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1925 – Matthew Beard, American child actor (died 1981)",
"html": "1925 – Matthew Beard, American child actor (died 1981)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1925",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925"
},
{
"text": "Matthew Beard",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stymie_Beard"
},
{
"text": "[237]",
"url": "#cite_note-237"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1925 – Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and diplomat, 1st Tanzanian Minister of Finance (died 2005)",
"html": "1925 – Paul Bomani, Tanzanian politician and diplomat, 1st Tanzanian Minister of Finance (died 2005)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Paul Bomani",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bomani"
},
{
"text": "Tanzanian Minister of Finance",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Tanzania)"
},
{
"text": "[238]",
"url": "#cite_note-238"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1926 – Kazys Petkevičius, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (died 2008)",
"html": "1926 – Kazys Petkevičius, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (died 2008)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1926",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926"
},
{
"text": "Kazys Petkevičius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazys_Petkevičius"
},
{
"text": "[239]",
"url": "#cite_note-239"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1927 – Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss dancer, choreographer, and director (died 2007)",
"html": "1927 – Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss dancer, choreographer, and director (died 2007)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1927",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927"
},
{
"text": "Maurice Béjart",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Béjart"
},
{
"text": "[240]",
"url": "#cite_note-240"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1927 – James Reeb, American clergyman and political activist (died 1965)",
"html": "1927 – James Reeb, American clergyman and political activist (died 1965)",
"links": [
{
"text": "James Reeb",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Reeb"
},
{
"text": "[241]",
"url": "#cite_note-241"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1927 – Vernon L. Smith, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate",
"html": "1927 – Vernon L. Smith, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate",
"links": [
{
"text": "Vernon L. Smith",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith"
},
{
"text": "Nobel Prize",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences"
},
{
"text": "[242]",
"url": "#cite_note-242"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1927 – Doak Walker, American football player and businessman (died 1998)",
"html": "1927 – Doak Walker, American football player and businessman (died 1998)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Doak Walker",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doak_Walker"
},
{
"text": "[243]",
"url": "#cite_note-243"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1928 – Ernest Tidyman, American author and screenwriter (died 1984)",
"html": "1928 – Ernest Tidyman, American author and screenwriter (died 1984)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1928",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928"
},
{
"text": "Ernest Tidyman",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Tidyman"
},
{
"text": "[244]",
"url": "#cite_note-244"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1928 – Gerhard Weinberg, German-American historian, author, and academic",
"html": "1928 – Gerhard Weinberg, German-American historian, author, and academic",
"links": [
{
"text": "Gerhard Weinberg",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Weinberg"
},
{
"text": "[245]",
"url": "#cite_note-245"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1929 – Larry L. King, American journalist, author, and playwright (died 2012)",
"html": "1929 – Larry L. King, American journalist, author, and playwright (died 2012)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1929",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929"
},
{
"text": "Larry L. King",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_L._King"
},
{
"text": "[246]",
"url": "#cite_note-246"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1929 – Haruo Nakajima, Japanese actor and stuntman, portrayed Godzilla from 1954 to 1972 (died 2017)",
"html": "1929 – Haruo Nakajima, Japanese actor and stuntman, portrayed Godzilla from 1954 to 1972 (died 2017)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Haruo Nakajima",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruo_Nakajima"
},
{
"text": "Godzilla",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla"
},
{
"text": "[247]",
"url": "#cite_note-247"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1930 – Ty Hardin, American actor (died 2017)",
"html": "1930 – Ty Hardin, American actor (died 2017)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1930",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930"
},
{
"text": "Ty Hardin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty_Hardin"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1930 – Frederick Wiseman, American director and producer (died 2026)",
"html": "1930 – Frederick Wiseman, American director and producer (died 2026)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Frederick Wiseman",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman"
},
{
"text": "[248]",
"url": "#cite_note-248"
},
{
"text": "[249]",
"url": "#cite_note-249"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1932 – Giuseppe Patanè, Italian conductor (died 1989)",
"html": "1932 – Giuseppe Patanè, Italian conductor (died 1989)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1932",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932"
},
{
"text": "Giuseppe Patanè",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Patanè"
},
{
"text": "[250]",
"url": "#cite_note-250"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1933 – James Hormel, American philanthropist and diplomat (died 2021)",
"html": "1933 – James Hormel, American philanthropist and diplomat (died 2021)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1933",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933"
},
{
"text": "James Hormel",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hormel"
},
{
"text": "[251]",
"url": "#cite_note-251"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1933 – Joe Orton, English dramatist (died 1967)",
"html": "1933 – Joe Orton, English dramatist (died 1967)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Joe Orton",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Orton"
},
{
"text": "[252]",
"url": "#cite_note-252"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1934 – Alan Berg, American lawyer and radio host (died 1984)",
"html": "1934 – Alan Berg, American lawyer and radio host (died 1984)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1934",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934"
},
{
"text": "Alan Berg",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Berg"
},
{
"text": "[253]",
"url": "#cite_note-253"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politician, Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs",
"html": "1934 – Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian politician, Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs",
"links": [
{
"text": "Lakhdar Brahimi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi"
},
{
"text": "Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Algeria)"
},
{
"text": "[254]",
"url": "#cite_note-254"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1935 – Om Prakash Chautala, Indian politician (died 2024)",
"html": "1935 – Om Prakash Chautala, Indian politician (died 2024)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1935",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935"
},
{
"text": "Om Prakash Chautala",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_Prakash_Chautala"
},
{
"text": "[255]",
"url": "#cite_note-255"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1936 – James Sinegal, American businessman, co-founded Costco",
"html": "1936 – James Sinegal, American businessman, co-founded Costco",
"links": [
{
"text": "1936",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936"
},
{
"text": "James Sinegal",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Sinegal"
},
{
"text": "Costco",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costco"
},
{
"text": "[256]",
"url": "#cite_note-256"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1938 – Frank Langella, American actor",
"html": "1938 – Frank Langella, American actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "1938",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938"
},
{
"text": "Frank Langella",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Langella"
},
{
"text": "[257]",
"url": "#cite_note-257"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1939 – Michèle Mercier, French actress",
"html": "1939 – Michèle Mercier, French actress",
"links": [
{
"text": "1939",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939"
},
{
"text": "Michèle Mercier",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michèle_Mercier"
},
{
"text": "[258]",
"url": "#cite_note-258"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1939 – Phil Read, English motorcycle racer and businessman (died 2022)",
"html": "1939 – Phil Read, English motorcycle racer and businessman (died 2022)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Phil Read",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Read"
},
{
"text": "[259]",
"url": "#cite_note-259"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1939 – Senfronia Thompson, American politician",
"html": "1939 – Senfronia Thompson, American politician",
"links": [
{
"text": "Senfronia Thompson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senfronia_Thompson"
},
{
"text": "[260]",
"url": "#cite_note-260"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1939 – Younoussi Touré, Malian politician, Prime Minister of Mali (died 2022)",
"html": "1939 – Younoussi Touré, Malian politician, Prime Minister of Mali (died 2022)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Younoussi Touré",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younoussi_Touré"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Mali",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mali"
},
{
"text": "[261]",
"url": "#cite_note-261"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1940 – Prathia Hall, American civil rights movement activist (died 2002)",
"html": "1940 – Prathia Hall, American civil rights movement activist (died 2002)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1940",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940"
},
{
"text": "Prathia Hall",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prathia_Hall"
},
{
"text": "[262]",
"url": "#cite_note-262"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1942 – Dennis Archer, American lawyer and politician, 67th Mayor of Detroit",
"html": "1942 – Dennis Archer, American lawyer and politician, 67th Mayor of Detroit",
"links": [
{
"text": "1942",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942"
},
{
"text": "Dennis Archer",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Archer"
},
{
"text": "Mayor of Detroit",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Detroit"
},
{
"text": "[263]",
"url": "#cite_note-263"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1942 – Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn, English dentist and politician (died 2024)",
"html": "1942 – Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn, English dentist and politician (died 2024)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Hamilton-Smith,_3rd_Baron_Colwyn"
},
{
"text": "[264]",
"url": "#cite_note-264"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter and guitarist",
"html": "1942 – Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter and guitarist",
"links": [
{
"text": "Country Joe McDonald",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Joe_McDonald"
},
{
"text": "[265]",
"url": "#cite_note-265"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1942 – Alassane Ouattara, Ivorian economist and politician, President of the Ivory Coast",
"html": "1942 – Alassane Ouattara, Ivorian economist and politician, President of the Ivory Coast",
"links": [
{
"text": "Alassane Ouattara",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara"
},
{
"text": "President of the Ivory Coast",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ivory_Coast"
},
{
"text": "[266]",
"url": "#cite_note-266"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian pilot and cosmonaut (died 2005)",
"html": "1942 – Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian pilot and cosmonaut (died 2005)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Gennadi Sarafanov",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennadi_Sarafanov"
},
{
"text": "[267]",
"url": "#cite_note-267"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1943 – Tony Knowles, American soldier and politician, 7th Governor of Alaska",
"html": "1943 – Tony Knowles, American soldier and politician, 7th Governor of Alaska",
"links": [
{
"text": "1943",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943"
},
{
"text": "Tony Knowles",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)"
},
{
"text": "Governor of Alaska",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska"
},
{
"text": "[268]",
"url": "#cite_note-268"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1943 – Don Novello, American comedian, screenwriter and producer",
"html": "1943 – Don Novello, American comedian, screenwriter and producer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Don Novello",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Novello"
},
{
"text": "[269]",
"url": "#cite_note-269"
},
{
"text": "[219]",
"url": "#cite_note-mblank-219"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1943 – Vladimir Šeks, Croatian lawyer and politician, 16th Speaker of the Croatian Parliament",
"html": "1943 – Vladimir Šeks, Croatian lawyer and politician, 16th Speaker of the Croatian Parliament",
"links": [
{
"text": "Vladimir Šeks",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Šeks"
},
{
"text": "Speaker of the Croatian Parliament",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament"
},
{
"text": "[270]",
"url": "#cite_note-270"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Barry Beath, Australian rugby league player",
"html": "1944 – Barry Beath, Australian rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Barry Beath",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Beath"
},
{
"text": "[271]",
"url": "#cite_note-271"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Jimmy Hart, American professional wrestling manager",
"html": "1944 – Jimmy Hart, American professional wrestling manager",
"links": [
{
"text": "Jimmy Hart",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hart"
},
{
"text": "[272]",
"url": "#cite_note-272"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani field hockey player and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan (died 2020)",
"html": "1944 – Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani field hockey player and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan (died 2020)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Zafarullah Khan Jamali",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafarullah_Khan_Jamali"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Pakistan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan"
},
{
"text": "[273]",
"url": "#cite_note-273"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (died 2013)",
"html": "1944 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (died 2013)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Teresa Torańska",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_Torańska"
},
{
"text": "[274]",
"url": "#cite_note-274"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Mati Unt, Estonian author, playwright, and director (died 2005)",
"html": "1944 – Mati Unt, Estonian author, playwright, and director (died 2005)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mati Unt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati_Unt"
},
{
"text": "[275]",
"url": "#cite_note-275"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1945 – Victor Ashe, American politician and former United States Ambassador to Poland",
"html": "1945 – Victor Ashe, American politician and former United States Ambassador to Poland",
"links": [
{
"text": "1945",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945"
},
{
"text": "Victor Ashe",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ashe"
},
{
"text": "[276]",
"url": "#cite_note-276"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver",
"html": "1945 – Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver",
"links": [
{
"text": "Jacky Ickx",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacky_Ickx"
},
{
"text": "[277]",
"url": "#cite_note-277"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1945 – Jimmy Jones, American basketball player",
"html": "1945 – Jimmy Jones, American basketball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Jimmy Jones",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Jones_(basketball)"
},
{
"text": "[278]",
"url": "#cite_note-278"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1946 – Rivellino, Brazilian footballer and manager",
"html": "1946 – Rivellino, Brazilian footballer and manager",
"links": [
{
"text": "1946",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946"
},
{
"text": "Rivellino",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivellino"
},
{
"text": "[279]",
"url": "#cite_note-279"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1946 – Claude Steele, American social psychologist and academic",
"html": "1946 – Claude Steele, American social psychologist and academic",
"links": [
{
"text": "Claude Steele",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Steele"
},
{
"text": "[280]",
"url": "#cite_note-280"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1947 – Jon Corzine, American sergeant and politician, 54th Governor of New Jersey",
"html": "1947 – Jon Corzine, American sergeant and politician, 54th Governor of New Jersey",
"links": [
{
"text": "1947",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947"
},
{
"text": "Jon Corzine",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Corzine"
},
{
"text": "Governor of New Jersey",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey"
},
{
"text": "[281]",
"url": "#cite_note-281"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1948 – Devlet Bahçeli, Turkish economist, academic, and politician, 57th Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey",
"html": "1948 – Devlet Bahçeli, Turkish economist, academic, and politician, 57th Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey",
"links": [
{
"text": "1948",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948"
},
{
"text": "Devlet Bahçeli",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_Bahçeli"
},
{
"text": "Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey"
},
{
"text": "[282]",
"url": "#cite_note-282"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1948 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Russian Minister of Defence (died 2012)",
"html": "1948 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Russian Minister of Defence (died 2012)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Pavel Grachev",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Grachev"
},
{
"text": "Russian Minister of Defence",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)"
},
{
"text": "[283]",
"url": "#cite_note-283"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1948 – Dick Quax, New Zealand runner and politician (died 2018)",
"html": "1948 – Dick Quax, New Zealand runner and politician (died 2018)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Dick Quax",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Quax"
},
{
"text": "[284]",
"url": "#cite_note-284"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1949 – Borys Tarasyuk, Ukrainian politician and diplomat",
"html": "1949 – Borys Tarasyuk, Ukrainian politician and diplomat",
"links": [
{
"text": "1949",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949"
},
{
"text": "Borys Tarasyuk",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borys_Tarasyuk"
},
{
"text": "[285]",
"url": "#cite_note-285"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1950 – Wayne Bennett, Australian rugby league player and coach",
"html": "1950 – Wayne Bennett, Australian rugby league player and coach",
"links": [
{
"text": "1950",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950"
},
{
"text": "Wayne Bennett",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Bennett_(rugby_league)"
},
{
"text": "[286]",
"url": "#cite_note-286"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1950 – Tony Currie, English footballer",
"html": "1950 – Tony Currie, English footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Tony Currie",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Currie_(footballer)"
},
{
"text": "[287]",
"url": "#cite_note-287"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1952 – Shaji N. Karun, Indian director and cinematographer (died 2025)",
"html": "1952 – Shaji N. Karun, Indian director and cinematographer (died 2025)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1952",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952"
},
{
"text": "Shaji N. Karun",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaji_N._Karun"
},
{
"text": "[288]",
"url": "#cite_note-288"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1953 – Gary Johnson, American businessman and politician, 29th Governor of New Mexico",
"html": "1953 – Gary Johnson, American businessman and politician, 29th Governor of New Mexico",
"links": [
{
"text": "1953",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953"
},
{
"text": "Gary Johnson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Johnson"
},
{
"text": "Governor of New Mexico",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico"
},
{
"text": "[289]",
"url": "#cite_note-289"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1954 – Richard Edson, American actor",
"html": "1954 – Richard Edson, American actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "1954",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954"
},
{
"text": "Richard Edson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Edson"
},
{
"text": "[290]",
"url": "#cite_note-290"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1954 – Bob Menendez, American lawyer and politician",
"html": "1954 – Bob Menendez, American lawyer and politician",
"links": [
{
"text": "Bob Menendez",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Menendez"
},
{
"text": "[291]",
"url": "#cite_note-291"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1954 – Dennis O'Driscoll, Irish poet and critic (died 2012)",
"html": "1954 – Dennis O'Driscoll, Irish poet and critic (died 2012)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Dennis O'Driscoll",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_O'Driscoll"
},
{
"text": "[292]",
"url": "#cite_note-292"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1954 – Yannis Papathanasiou, Greek engineer and politician, Greek Minister of Finance",
"html": "1954 – Yannis Papathanasiou, Greek engineer and politician, Greek Minister of Finance",
"links": [
{
"text": "Yannis Papathanasiou",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yannis_Papathanasiou"
},
{
"text": "Greek Minister of Finance",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Greece)"
},
{
"text": "[293]",
"url": "#cite_note-293"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1955 – Mary Beard, English classicist, academic and presenter",
"html": "1955 – Mary Beard, English classicist, academic and presenter",
"links": [
{
"text": "1955",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955"
},
{
"text": "Mary Beard",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)"
},
{
"text": "[294]",
"url": "#cite_note-294"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1955 – LaMarr Hoyt, American baseball player (died 2021)",
"html": "1955 – LaMarr Hoyt, American baseball player (died 2021)",
"links": [
{
"text": "LaMarr Hoyt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMarr_Hoyt"
},
{
"text": "[295]",
"url": "#cite_note-295"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1956 – Sergei Avdeyev, Russian engineer and astronaut",
"html": "1956 – Sergei Avdeyev, Russian engineer and astronaut",
"links": [
{
"text": "1956",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956"
},
{
"text": "Sergei Avdeyev",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Avdeyev"
},
{
"text": "[296]",
"url": "#cite_note-296"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1956 – Royce Ayliffe, Australian rugby league player",
"html": "1956 – Royce Ayliffe, Australian rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Royce Ayliffe",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royce_Ayliffe"
},
{
"text": "[297]",
"url": "#cite_note-297"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1956 – Christine Lagarde, French lawyer and politician; Managing Director, International Monetary Fund",
"html": "1956 – Christine Lagarde, French lawyer and politician; Managing Director, International Monetary Fund",
"links": [
{
"text": "Christine Lagarde",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Lagarde"
},
{
"text": "International Monetary Fund",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund"
},
{
"text": "[298]",
"url": "#cite_note-298"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1956 – Mike Mitchell, American basketball player (died 2011)",
"html": "1956 – Mike Mitchell, American basketball player (died 2011)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mike Mitchell",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Mitchell_(basketball,_born_1956)"
},
{
"text": "[299]",
"url": "#cite_note-299"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1956 – Martin Plaza, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist",
"html": "1956 – Martin Plaza, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist",
"links": [
{
"text": "Martin Plaza",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Plaza"
},
{
"text": "[300]",
"url": "#cite_note-300"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1957 – Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece",
"html": "1957 – Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece",
"links": [
{
"text": "1957",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957"
},
{
"text": "Evangelos Venizelos",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelos_Venizelos"
},
{
"text": "Deputy Prime Minister of Greece",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Greece"
},
{
"text": "[301]",
"url": "#cite_note-301"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1958 – Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian rapper and DJ",
"html": "1958 – Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian rapper and DJ",
"links": [
{
"text": "1958",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958"
},
{
"text": "Grandmaster Flash",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash"
},
{
"text": "[302]",
"url": "#cite_note-302"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1958 – Dave Silk, American ice hockey player",
"html": "1958 – Dave Silk, American ice hockey player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Dave Silk",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Silk"
},
{
"text": "[303]",
"url": "#cite_note-303"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1959 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan colonel, pilot, and astronaut",
"html": "1959 – Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan colonel, pilot, and astronaut",
"links": [
{
"text": "1959",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959"
},
{
"text": "Abdul Ahad Mohmand",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ahad_Mohmand"
},
{
"text": "[304]",
"url": "#cite_note-304"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian colonel and politician, President of the Comoros",
"html": "1959 – Azali Assoumani, Comorian colonel and politician, President of the Comoros",
"links": [
{
"text": "Azali Assoumani",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani"
},
{
"text": "President of the Comoros",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Comoros"
},
{
"text": "[305]",
"url": "#cite_note-305"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach",
"html": "1959 – Panagiotis Giannakis, Greek basketball player and coach",
"links": [
{
"text": "Panagiotis Giannakis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagiotis_Giannakis"
},
{
"text": "[306]",
"url": "#cite_note-306"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1959 – Adrian Hall, English director and former actor",
"html": "1959 – Adrian Hall, English director and former actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "Adrian Hall",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Hall_(actor)"
},
{
"text": "[307]",
"url": "#cite_note-307"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league player (died 2025)",
"html": "1961 – Sam Backo, Australian rugby league player (died 2025)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1961",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961"
},
{
"text": "Sam Backo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Backo"
},
{
"text": "[308]",
"url": "#cite_note-308"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1962 – Anton Muscatelli, Italian-Scottish economist and academic",
"html": "1962 – Anton Muscatelli, Italian-Scottish economist and academic",
"links": [
{
"text": "1962",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962"
},
{
"text": "Anton Muscatelli",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Muscatelli"
},
{
"text": "[309]",
"url": "#cite_note-309"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1963 – Milo Aukerman, American singer and songwriter",
"html": "1963 – Milo Aukerman, American singer and songwriter",
"links": [
{
"text": "1963",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963"
},
{
"text": "Milo Aukerman",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo_Aukerman"
},
{
"text": "[310]",
"url": "#cite_note-310"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1963 – Jean-Marc Gounon, French racing driver",
"html": "1963 – Jean-Marc Gounon, French racing driver",
"links": [
{
"text": "Jean-Marc Gounon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marc_Gounon"
},
{
"text": "[311]",
"url": "#cite_note-311"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1964 – Dedee Pfeiffer, American actress",
"html": "1964 – Dedee Pfeiffer, American actress",
"links": [
{
"text": "1964",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964"
},
{
"text": "Dedee Pfeiffer",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedee_Pfeiffer"
},
{
"text": "[312]",
"url": "#cite_note-312"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1966 – Anna Burke, Australian businesswoman and politician, 28th Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"html": "1966 – Anna Burke, Australian businesswoman and politician, 28th Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"links": [
{
"text": "1966",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966"
},
{
"text": "Anna Burke",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Burke"
},
{
"text": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives"
},
{
"text": "[313]",
"url": "#cite_note-313"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1966 – Ivica Dačić, Serbian journalist and politician, 95th Prime Minister of Serbia",
"html": "1966 – Ivica Dačić, Serbian journalist and politician, 95th Prime Minister of Serbia",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ivica Dačić",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivica_Dačić"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Serbia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia"
},
{
"text": "[314]",
"url": "#cite_note-314"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1966 – Tihomir Orešković, Croatian–Canadian businessman, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia",
"html": "1966 – Tihomir Orešković, Croatian–Canadian businessman, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia",
"links": [
{
"text": "Tihomir Orešković",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihomir_Orešković"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Croatia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia"
},
{
"text": "[315]",
"url": "#cite_note-315"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1967 – Tawera Nikau, New Zealand rugby league player",
"html": "1967 – Tawera Nikau, New Zealand rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1967",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967"
},
{
"text": "Tawera Nikau",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawera_Nikau"
},
{
"text": "[316]",
"url": "#cite_note-316"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1968 – Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer",
"html": "1968 – Davor Šuker, Croatian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1968",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968"
},
{
"text": "Davor Šuker",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davor_Šuker"
},
{
"text": "[317]",
"url": "#cite_note-317"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1969 – Morris Chestnut, American actor",
"html": "1969 – Morris Chestnut, American actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "1969",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969"
},
{
"text": "Morris Chestnut",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Chestnut"
},
{
"text": "[318]",
"url": "#cite_note-318"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1969 – Verne Troyer, American actor (died 2018)",
"html": "1969 – Verne Troyer, American actor (died 2018)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Verne Troyer",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verne_Troyer"
},
{
"text": "[319]",
"url": "#cite_note-319"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1970 – Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer and coach",
"html": "1970 – Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer and coach",
"links": [
{
"text": "1970",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970"
},
{
"text": "Sergei Kiriakov",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Kiriakov"
},
{
"text": "[320]",
"url": "#cite_note-320"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1971 – Sammie Henson, American wrestler and coach",
"html": "1971 – Sammie Henson, American wrestler and coach",
"links": [
{
"text": "1971",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971"
},
{
"text": "Sammie Henson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammie_Henson"
},
{
"text": "[321]",
"url": "#cite_note-321"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1971 – Bobby Holík, Czech-American ice hockey player and coach",
"html": "1971 – Bobby Holík, Czech-American ice hockey player and coach",
"links": [
{
"text": "Bobby Holík",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Holík"
},
{
"text": "[322]",
"url": "#cite_note-322"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1971 – Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Indian politician",
"html": "1971 – Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Indian politician",
"links": [
{
"text": "Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotiraditya_Madhavrao_Scindia"
},
{
"text": "[323]",
"url": "#cite_note-323"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1972 – Lilian Thuram, French footballer",
"html": "1972 – Lilian Thuram, French footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1972",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972"
},
{
"text": "Lilian Thuram",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilian_Thuram"
},
{
"text": "[324]",
"url": "#cite_note-324"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1974 – Christian Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Industry",
"html": "1974 – Christian Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Industry",
"links": [
{
"text": "1974",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974"
},
{
"text": "Christian Paradis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Paradis"
},
{
"text": "Canadian Minister of Industry",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Industry_(Canada)"
},
{
"text": "[325]",
"url": "#cite_note-325"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1975 – Chris Anstey, Australian basketball player and coach",
"html": "1975 – Chris Anstey, Australian basketball player and coach",
"links": [
{
"text": "1975",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975"
},
{
"text": "Chris Anstey",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Anstey"
},
{
"text": "[326]",
"url": "#cite_note-326"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1975 – Joe Cannon, American soccer player and sportscaster",
"html": "1975 – Joe Cannon, American soccer player and sportscaster",
"links": [
{
"text": "Joe Cannon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Cannon_(soccer)"
},
{
"text": "[327]",
"url": "#cite_note-327"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1975 – Becky Kellar-Duke, Canadian ice hockey player",
"html": "1975 – Becky Kellar-Duke, Canadian ice hockey player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Becky Kellar-Duke",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becky_Kellar-Duke"
},
{
"text": "[328]",
"url": "#cite_note-328"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1975 – Fernando Tatís, Dominican baseball player",
"html": "1975 – Fernando Tatís, Dominican baseball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Fernando Tatís",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Tatís"
},
{
"text": "[329]",
"url": "#cite_note-329"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1976 – Tank, American singer, songwriter, producer, and actor",
"html": "1976 – Tank, American singer, songwriter, producer, and actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "1976",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976"
},
{
"text": "Tank",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_(American_singer)"
},
{
"text": "[330]",
"url": "#cite_note-AP-330"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1978 – Arilson Chiorato, Brazilian politician",
"html": "1978 – Arilson Chiorato, Brazilian politician",
"links": [
{
"text": "1978",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978"
},
{
"text": "Arilson Chiorato",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arilson_Chiorato"
},
{
"text": "[331]",
"url": "#cite_note-331"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1979 – Vidya Balan, Indian actress",
"html": "1979 – Vidya Balan, Indian actress",
"links": [
{
"text": "1979",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979"
},
{
"text": "Vidya Balan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidya_Balan"
},
{
"text": "[332]",
"url": "#cite_note-332"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1979 – Ibrahim Benli, Danish politician",
"html": "1979 – Ibrahim Benli, Danish politician",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ibrahim Benli",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Benli"
},
{
"text": "[333]",
"url": "#cite_note-333"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1980 – Elin Nordegren, Swedish-American model",
"html": "1980 – Elin Nordegren, Swedish-American model",
"links": [
{
"text": "1980",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980"
},
{
"text": "Elin Nordegren",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elin_Nordegren"
},
{
"text": "[334]",
"url": "#cite_note-UPI-334"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1981 – Jonas Armstrong, Irish-English actor",
"html": "1981 – Jonas Armstrong, Irish-English actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "1981",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981"
},
{
"text": "Jonas Armstrong",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Armstrong"
},
{
"text": "[335]",
"url": "#cite_note-335"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1981 – Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian racing driver",
"html": "1981 – Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian racing driver",
"links": [
{
"text": "Zsolt Baumgartner",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsolt_Baumgartner"
},
{
"text": "[336]",
"url": "#cite_note-336"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1981 – Mladen Petrić, Croatian footballer",
"html": "1981 – Mladen Petrić, Croatian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mladen Petrić",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladen_Petrić"
},
{
"text": "[337]",
"url": "#cite_note-auto1-337"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1981 – Eden Riegel, American actress",
"html": "1981 – Eden Riegel, American actress",
"links": [
{
"text": "Eden Riegel",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Riegel"
},
{
"text": "[330]",
"url": "#cite_note-AP-330"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1982 – Egidio Arévalo, Uruguayan footballer",
"html": "1982 – Egidio Arévalo, Uruguayan footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1982",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982"
},
{
"text": "Egidio Arévalo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egidio_Arévalo"
},
{
"text": "[338]",
"url": "#cite_note-338"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1982 – David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player",
"html": "1982 – David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player",
"links": [
{
"text": "David Nalbandian",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Nalbandian"
},
{
"text": "[339]",
"url": "#cite_note-339"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1983 – Calum Davenport, English footballer",
"html": "1983 – Calum Davenport, English footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1983",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983"
},
{
"text": "Calum Davenport",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calum_Davenport"
},
{
"text": "[340]",
"url": "#cite_note-340"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1983 – Park Sung-hyun, South Korean archer",
"html": "1983 – Park Sung-hyun, South Korean archer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Park Sung-hyun",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Sung-hyun_(archer)"
},
{
"text": "[341]",
"url": "#cite_note-341"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – Paolo Guerrero, Peruvian footballer",
"html": "1984 – Paolo Guerrero, Peruvian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1984",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984"
},
{
"text": "Paolo Guerrero",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo_Guerrero"
},
{
"text": "[342]",
"url": "#cite_note-342"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – Fernando San Emeterio, Spanish basketball player",
"html": "1984 – Fernando San Emeterio, Spanish basketball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Fernando San Emeterio",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_San_Emeterio"
},
{
"text": "[343]",
"url": "#cite_note-343"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – Michael Witt, Australian rugby league player",
"html": "1984 – Michael Witt, Australian rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Michael Witt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Witt"
},
{
"text": "[344]",
"url": "#cite_note-344"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1985 – Jeff Carter, Canadian ice hockey player",
"html": "1985 – Jeff Carter, Canadian ice hockey player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1985",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985"
},
{
"text": "Jeff Carter",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Carter"
},
{
"text": "[345]",
"url": "#cite_note-345"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1985 – Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer",
"html": "1985 – Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Steven Davis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Davis"
},
{
"text": "[346]",
"url": "#cite_note-346"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1985 – Kenoh, Japanese professional wrestler",
"html": "1985 – Kenoh, Japanese professional wrestler",
"links": [
{
"text": "Kenoh",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenoh"
},
{
"text": "[347]",
"url": "#cite_note-347"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1985 – Tiago Splitter, Brazilian basketball player",
"html": "1985 – Tiago Splitter, Brazilian basketball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Tiago Splitter",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiago_Splitter"
},
{
"text": "[348]",
"url": "#cite_note-348"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1986 – Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player",
"html": "1986 – Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1986",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986"
},
{
"text": "Pablo Cuevas",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Cuevas"
},
{
"text": "[349]",
"url": "#cite_note-349"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1986 – Glen Davis, American basketball player",
"html": "1986 – Glen Davis, American basketball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Glen Davis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Davis_(basketball)"
},
{
"text": "[350]",
"url": "#cite_note-350"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1986 – Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor",
"html": "1986 – Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor",
"links": [
{
"text": "Colin Morgan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Morgan"
},
{
"text": "[351]",
"url": "#cite_note-351"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1986 – Lee Sung-min, South Korean singer",
"html": "1986 – Lee Sung-min, South Korean singer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Lee Sung-min",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Sung-min_(singer)"
},
{
"text": "[352]",
"url": "#cite_note-352"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1987 – Gia Coppola, American director and screenwriter",
"html": "1987 – Gia Coppola, American director and screenwriter",
"links": [
{
"text": "Gia Coppola",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia_Coppola"
},
{
"text": "[353]",
"url": "#cite_note-353"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1987 – Gilbert Brulé, Canadian ice hockey player",
"html": "1987 – Gilbert Brulé, Canadian ice hockey player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1987",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987"
},
{
"text": "Gilbert Brulé",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Brulé"
},
{
"text": "[354]",
"url": "#cite_note-354"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1987 – Meryl Davis, American ice dancer",
"html": "1987 – Meryl Davis, American ice dancer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Meryl Davis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryl_Davis"
},
{
"text": "[355]",
"url": "#cite_note-355"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1987 – Patric Hörnqvist, Swedish ice hockey player",
"html": "1987 – Patric Hörnqvist, Swedish ice hockey player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Patric Hörnqvist",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patric_Hörnqvist"
},
{
"text": "[356]",
"url": "#cite_note-356"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1988 – Marcel Gecov, Czech footballer",
"html": "1988 – Marcel Gecov, Czech footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1988",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988"
},
{
"text": "Marcel Gecov",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Gecov"
},
{
"text": "[337]",
"url": "#cite_note-auto1-337"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1988 – Dallas Keuchel, American baseball player",
"html": "1988 – Dallas Keuchel, American baseball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Dallas Keuchel",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Keuchel"
},
{
"text": "[357]",
"url": "#cite_note-357"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1989 – Jason Pierre-Paul, American football player",
"html": "1989 – Jason Pierre-Paul, American football player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1989",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989"
},
{
"text": "Jason Pierre-Paul",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Pierre-Paul"
},
{
"text": "[358]",
"url": "#cite_note-358"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1990 – Julia Glushko, Israeli tennis player",
"html": "1990 – Julia Glushko, Israeli tennis player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1990",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990"
},
{
"text": "Julia Glushko",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Glushko"
},
{
"text": "[359]",
"url": "#cite_note-359"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1990 – Ali Maâloul, Tunisian football player",
"html": "1990 – Ali Maâloul, Tunisian football player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ali Maâloul",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Maâloul"
},
{
"text": "[360]",
"url": "#cite_note-360"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1991 – Glen Rice Jr., American basketball player",
"html": "1991 – Glen Rice Jr., American basketball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1991",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991"
},
{
"text": "Glen Rice Jr.",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Rice_Jr."
},
{
"text": "[361]",
"url": "#cite_note-361"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1991 – Darius Slay, American football player",
"html": "1991 – Darius Slay, American football player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Darius Slay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Slay"
},
{
"text": "[362]",
"url": "#cite_note-362"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1991 – Xavier Su'a-Filo, American football player",
"html": "1991 – Xavier Su'a-Filo, American football player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Xavier Su'a-Filo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Su'a-Filo"
},
{
"text": "[363]",
"url": "#cite_note-363"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1992 – Nathaniel Peteru, New Zealand rugby league player",
"html": "1992 – Nathaniel Peteru, New Zealand rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1992",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992"
},
{
"text": "Nathaniel Peteru",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Peteru"
},
{
"text": "[364]",
"url": "#cite_note-364"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1992 – Shane Duffy, Irish footballer",
"html": "1992 – Shane Duffy, Irish footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Shane Duffy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane_Duffy"
},
{
"text": "[365]",
"url": "#cite_note-365"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1993 – Larry Nance Jr., American basketball player",
"html": "1993 – Larry Nance Jr., American basketball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1993",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993"
},
{
"text": "Larry Nance Jr.",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Nance_Jr."
},
{
"text": "[366]",
"url": "#cite_note-366"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1993 – Abdoulaye Doucouré, Malian footballer",
"html": "1993 – Abdoulaye Doucouré, Malian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1993",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993"
},
{
"text": "Abdoulaye Doucouré",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulaye_Doucouré"
},
{
"text": "[367]",
"url": "#cite_note-367"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – Brendan Elliot, Australian rugby league player",
"html": "1994 – Brendan Elliot, Australian rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1994",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994"
},
{
"text": "Brendan Elliot",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Elliot"
},
{
"text": "[368]",
"url": "#cite_note-auto2-368"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – LaMonte Wade Jr., American baseball player",
"html": "1994 – LaMonte Wade Jr., American baseball player",
"links": [
{
"text": "LaMonte Wade Jr.",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMonte_Wade_Jr."
},
{
"text": "[369]",
"url": "#cite_note-369"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1995 – Sardar Azmoun, Iranian footballer",
"html": "1995 – Sardar Azmoun, Iranian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1995",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995"
},
{
"text": "Sardar Azmoun",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar_Azmoun"
},
{
"text": "[370]",
"url": "#cite_note-370"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1995 – Poppy, American singer and YouTube personality",
"html": "1995 – Poppy, American singer and YouTube personality",
"links": [
{
"text": "Poppy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy_(entertainer)"
},
{
"text": "[371]",
"url": "#cite_note-371"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1996 – Andreas Pereira, Brazilian footballer",
"html": "1996 – Andreas Pereira, Brazilian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1996",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996"
},
{
"text": "Andreas Pereira",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Pereira"
},
{
"text": "[372]",
"url": "#cite_note-372"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1996 – Mahmoud Dahoud, German footballer",
"html": "1996 – Mahmoud Dahoud, German footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mahmoud Dahoud",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Dahoud"
},
{
"text": "[373]",
"url": "#cite_note-373"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1996 – Mathias Jensen, Danish footballer",
"html": "1996 – Mathias Jensen, Danish footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mathias Jensen",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Jensen"
},
{
"text": "[374]",
"url": "#cite_note-374"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1997 – Noah Kahan, American singer-songwriter",
"html": "1997 – Noah Kahan, American singer-songwriter",
"links": [
{
"text": "1997",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997"
},
{
"text": "Noah Kahan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Kahan"
},
{
"text": "[375]",
"url": "#cite_note-375"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1997 – Keegan Hipgrave, Australian rugby league player",
"html": "1997 – Keegan Hipgrave, Australian rugby league player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Keegan Hipgrave",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keegan_Hipgrave"
},
{
"text": "[376]",
"url": "#cite_note-376"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1997 – Gonzalo Montiel, Argentine footballer",
"html": "1997 – Gonzalo Montiel, Argentine footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Gonzalo Montiel",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_Montiel"
},
{
"text": "[377]",
"url": "#cite_note-377"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Cristina Bucșa, Moldovan-Spanish tennis player",
"html": "1998 – Cristina Bucșa, Moldovan-Spanish tennis player",
"links": [
{
"text": "1998",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998"
},
{
"text": "Cristina Bucșa",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristina_Bucșa"
},
{
"text": "[378]",
"url": "#cite_note-378"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Edwuin Cetré, Colombian footballer",
"html": "1998 – Edwuin Cetré, Colombian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Edwuin Cetré",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwuin_Cetré"
},
{
"text": "[379]",
"url": "#cite_note-379"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Enock Mwepu, Zambian footballer",
"html": "1998 – Enock Mwepu, Zambian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Enock Mwepu",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enock_Mwepu"
},
{
"text": "[380]",
"url": "#cite_note-380"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Frank Onyeka, Nigerian footballer",
"html": "1998 – Frank Onyeka, Nigerian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Frank Onyeka",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Onyeka"
},
{
"text": "[381]",
"url": "#cite_note-381"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1999 – Tomás Chancalay, Argentine footballer",
"html": "1999 – Tomás Chancalay, Argentine footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "1999",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999"
},
{
"text": "Tomás Chancalay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomás_Chancalay"
},
{
"text": "[382]",
"url": "#cite_note-382"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1999 – Azmy Qowimuramadhoni, Indonesian-Azerbaijani badminton player",
"html": "1999 – Azmy Qowimuramadhoni, Indonesian-Azerbaijani badminton player",
"links": [
{
"text": "Azmy Qowimuramadhoni",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azmy_Qowimuramadhoni"
},
{
"text": "[383]",
"url": "#cite_note-383"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2000 – Nicolas Kühn, German footballer",
"html": "2000 – Nicolas Kühn, German footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "2000",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000"
},
{
"text": "Nicolas Kühn",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Kühn"
},
{
"text": "[384]",
"url": "#cite_note-384"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2000 – Ice Spice, American rapper",
"html": "2000 – Ice Spice, American rapper",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ice Spice",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Spice"
},
{
"text": "[385]",
"url": "#cite_note-385"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2001 – Angourie Rice, Australian actress",
"html": "2001 – Angourie Rice, Australian actress",
"links": [
{
"text": "2001",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001"
},
{
"text": "Angourie Rice",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angourie_Rice"
},
{
"text": "[386]",
"url": "#cite_note-386"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2001 – Winter, South Korean singer",
"html": "2001 – Winter, South Korean singer",
"links": [
{
"text": "Winter",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_(singer)"
},
{
"text": "[387]",
"url": "#cite_note-387"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2002 – Simon Adingra, Ivorian footballer",
"html": "2002 – Simon Adingra, Ivorian footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "2002",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002"
},
{
"text": "Simon Adingra",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Adingra"
},
{
"text": "[388]",
"url": "#cite_note-388"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2003 – Daria Trubnikova, Russian rhythmic gymnast",
"html": "2003 – Daria Trubnikova, Russian rhythmic gymnast",
"links": [
{
"text": "2003",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003"
},
{
"text": "Daria Trubnikova",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daria_Trubnikova"
},
{
"text": "[389]",
"url": "#cite_note-389"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2004 – Lamine Camara, Senegalese footballer",
"html": "2004 – Lamine Camara, Senegalese footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "2004",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"
},
{
"text": "Lamine Camara",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamine_Camara"
},
{
"text": "[390]",
"url": "#cite_note-390"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2007 – Ian Subiabre, Argentine footballer",
"html": "2007 – Ian Subiabre, Argentine footballer",
"links": [
{
"text": "2007",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"
},
{
"text": "Ian Subiabre",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Subiabre"
},
{
"text": "[391]",
"url": "#cite_note-391"
}
]
}
],
"Deaths": [
{
"text": "138 – Lucius Aelius, adopted son and intended successor of Hadrian (born 101)",
"html": "138 – Lucius Aelius, adopted son and intended successor of Hadrian (born 101)",
"links": [
{
"text": "138",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_138"
},
{
"text": "Lucius Aelius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Aelius"
},
{
"text": "Hadrian",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian"
},
{
"text": "[392]",
"url": "#cite_note-392"
}
]
},
{
"text": "404 – Telemachus, Christian monk and martyr",
"html": "404 – Telemachus, Christian monk and martyr",
"links": [
{
"text": "404",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_404"
},
{
"text": "Telemachus",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Telemachus"
},
{
"text": "[393]",
"url": "#cite_note-393"
}
]
},
{
"text": "898 – Odo I, Frankish king (born 860)",
"html": "898 – Odo I, Frankish king (born 860)",
"links": [
{
"text": "898",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/898"
},
{
"text": "Odo I",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_of_France"
},
{
"text": "[394]",
"url": "#cite_note-394"
}
]
},
{
"text": "951 – Ramiro II, king of León and Galicia",
"html": "951 – Ramiro II, king of León and Galicia",
"links": [
{
"text": "951",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/951"
},
{
"text": "Ramiro II",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramiro_II_of_León"
},
{
"text": "[395]",
"url": "#cite_note-395"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1031 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (born 962)",
"html": "1031 – William of Volpiano, Italian abbot (born 962)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1031",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1031"
},
{
"text": "William of Volpiano",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Volpiano"
},
{
"text": "[396]",
"url": "#cite_note-396"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1189 – Henry of Marcy, Cistercian abbot (born c. 1136)",
"html": "1189 – Henry of Marcy, Cistercian abbot (born c. 1136)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1189",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189"
},
{
"text": "Henry of Marcy",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_of_Marcy"
},
{
"text": "[397]",
"url": "#cite_note-397"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1204 – Haakon III, king of Norway (born 1182)",
"html": "1204 – Haakon III, king of Norway (born 1182)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1204",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1204"
},
{
"text": "Haakon III",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haakon_III_of_Norway"
},
{
"text": "[398]",
"url": "#cite_note-398"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1387 – Charles II, king of Navarre (born 1332)",
"html": "1387 – Charles II, king of Navarre (born 1332)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1387",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1387"
},
{
"text": "Charles II",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre"
},
{
"text": "[399]",
"url": "#cite_note-399"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1496 – Charles d'Orléans, count of Angoulême (born 1459)",
"html": "1496 – Charles d'Orléans, count of Angoulême (born 1459)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1496",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1496"
},
{
"text": "Charles d'Orléans",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Angoulême"
},
{
"text": "[400]",
"url": "#cite_note-400"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1515 – Louis XII, king of France (born 1462)",
"html": "1515 – Louis XII, king of France (born 1462)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1515",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1515"
},
{
"text": "Louis XII",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France"
},
{
"text": "[401]",
"url": "#cite_note-401"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1559 – Christian III, king of Denmark (born 1503)",
"html": "1559 – Christian III, king of Denmark (born 1503)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1559",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1559"
},
{
"text": "Christian III",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark"
},
{
"text": "[402]",
"url": "#cite_note-402"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1560 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet and critic (born 1522)",
"html": "1560 – Joachim du Bellay, French poet and critic (born 1522)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1560",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1560"
},
{
"text": "Joachim du Bellay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_du_Bellay"
},
{
"text": "[403]",
"url": "#cite_note-403"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1617 – Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1558)",
"html": "1617 – Hendrik Goltzius, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1558)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1617",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1617"
},
{
"text": "Hendrik Goltzius",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Goltzius"
},
{
"text": "[404]",
"url": "#cite_note-404"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1697 – Filippo Baldinucci, Florentine historian and author (born 1625)",
"html": "1697 – Filippo Baldinucci, Florentine historian and author (born 1625)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1697",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1697"
},
{
"text": "Filippo Baldinucci",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Baldinucci"
},
{
"text": "[405]",
"url": "#cite_note-405"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1716 – William Wycherley, English playwright and poet (born 1641)",
"html": "1716 – William Wycherley, English playwright and poet (born 1641)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1716",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1716"
},
{
"text": "William Wycherley",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wycherley"
},
{
"text": "[406]",
"url": "#cite_note-406"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1748 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and academic (born 1667)",
"html": "1748 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and academic (born 1667)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1748",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1748"
},
{
"text": "Johann Bernoulli",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Bernoulli"
},
{
"text": "[407]",
"url": "#cite_note-407"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1766 – James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender (born 1688)",
"html": "1766 – James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender (born 1688)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1766",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766"
},
{
"text": "James Francis Edward Stuart",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart"
},
{
"text": "[408]",
"url": "#cite_note-408"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1780 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, German organist and composer (born 1713)",
"html": "1780 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, German organist and composer (born 1713)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1780",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1780"
},
{
"text": "Johann Ludwig Krebs",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Krebs"
},
{
"text": "[409]",
"url": "#cite_note-409"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1782 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (born 1735)",
"html": "1782 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (born 1735)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1782",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782"
},
{
"text": "Johann Christian Bach",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach"
},
{
"text": "[410]",
"url": "#cite_note-410"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1789 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English lawyer and politician, British Speaker of the House of Commons (born 1716)",
"html": "1789 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English lawyer and politician, British Speaker of the House of Commons (born 1716)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1789",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789"
},
{
"text": "Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Norton,_1st_Baron_Grantley"
},
{
"text": "British Speaker of the House of Commons",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)"
},
{
"text": "[411]",
"url": "#cite_note-411"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1793 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter and educator (born 1712)",
"html": "1793 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter and educator (born 1712)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1793",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793"
},
{
"text": "Francesco Guardi",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Guardi"
},
{
"text": "[412]",
"url": "#cite_note-412"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1817 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist and academic (born 1743)",
"html": "1817 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist and academic (born 1743)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1817",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817"
},
{
"text": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth"
},
{
"text": "[413]",
"url": "#cite_note-413"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1846 – John Torrington, English sailor and explorer (born 1825)",
"html": "1846 – John Torrington, English sailor and explorer (born 1825)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1846",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846"
},
{
"text": "John Torrington",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Torrington"
},
{
"text": "[414]",
"url": "#cite_note-414"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1853 – Gregory Blaxland, Australian farmer and explorer (born 1778)",
"html": "1853 – Gregory Blaxland, Australian farmer and explorer (born 1778)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1853",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853"
},
{
"text": "Gregory Blaxland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Blaxland"
},
{
"text": "[415]",
"url": "#cite_note-415"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1862 – Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian mathematician and physicist (born 1801)",
"html": "1862 – Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian mathematician and physicist (born 1801)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1862",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862"
},
{
"text": "Mikhail Ostrogradsky",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Ostrogradsky"
},
{
"text": "[416]",
"url": "#cite_note-416"
},
{
"text": "[417]",
"url": "#cite_note-417"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French activist (born 1805)",
"html": "1881 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French activist (born 1805)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1881",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881"
},
{
"text": "Louis Auguste Blanqui",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui"
},
{
"text": "[418]",
"url": "#cite_note-418"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1892 – Roswell B. Mason, American lawyer and politician, 25th Mayor of Chicago (born 1805)",
"html": "1892 – Roswell B. Mason, American lawyer and politician, 25th Mayor of Chicago (born 1805)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1892",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892"
},
{
"text": "Roswell B. Mason",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_B._Mason"
},
{
"text": "Mayor of Chicago",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago"
},
{
"text": "[419]",
"url": "#cite_note-419"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1894 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist and academic (born 1857)",
"html": "1894 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist and academic (born 1857)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1894",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894"
},
{
"text": "Heinrich Hertz",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz"
},
{
"text": "[420]",
"url": "#cite_note-420"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1896 – Alfred Ely Beach, American publisher and lawyer, created the Beach Pneumatic Transit (born 1826)",
"html": "1896 – Alfred Ely Beach, American publisher and lawyer, created the Beach Pneumatic Transit (born 1826)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1896",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896"
},
{
"text": "Alfred Ely Beach",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Ely_Beach"
},
{
"text": "Beach Pneumatic Transit",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_Pneumatic_Transit"
},
{
"text": "[421]",
"url": "#cite_note-421"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1901 – Ignatius L. Donnelly, American politician and promoter of pseudoscience and pseudohistory (born 1831)",
"html": "1901 – Ignatius L. Donnelly, American politician and promoter of pseudoscience and pseudohistory (born 1831)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1901",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901"
},
{
"text": "Ignatius L. Donnelly",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly"
},
{
"text": "pseudoscience",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience"
},
{
"text": "pseudohistory",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudohistory"
},
{
"text": "[422]",
"url": "#cite_note-422"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1906 – Hugh Nelson, Scottish-Australian farmer and politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (born 1833)",
"html": "1906 – Hugh Nelson, Scottish-Australian farmer and politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (born 1833)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1906",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906"
},
{
"text": "Hugh Nelson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(Australian_politician)"
},
{
"text": "Premier of Queensland",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Queensland"
},
{
"text": "[423]",
"url": "#cite_note-423"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1918 – William Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet and author (born 1858)",
"html": "1918 – William Wilfred Campbell, Canadian poet and author (born 1858)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1918",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918"
},
{
"text": "William Wilfred Campbell",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wilfred_Campbell"
},
{
"text": "[424]",
"url": "#cite_note-424"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1921 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, German lawyer and politician, 5th Chancellor of Germany (born 1856)",
"html": "1921 – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, German lawyer and politician, 5th Chancellor of Germany (born 1856)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1921",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921"
},
{
"text": "Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg"
},
{
"text": "Chancellor of Germany",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany"
},
{
"text": "[425]",
"url": "#cite_note-425"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1923 – Willie Keeler, American baseball player (born 1872)",
"html": "1923 – Willie Keeler, American baseball player (born 1872)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1923",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923"
},
{
"text": "Willie Keeler",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Keeler"
},
{
"text": "[426]",
"url": "#cite_note-426"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1928 – Loie Fuller, American dancer (born 1862)",
"html": "1928 – Loie Fuller, American dancer (born 1862)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1928",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928"
},
{
"text": "Loie Fuller",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loie_Fuller"
},
{
"text": "[427]",
"url": "#cite_note-427"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1929 – Mustafa Necati, Turkish civil servant and politician, Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (born 1894)",
"html": "1929 – Mustafa Necati, Turkish civil servant and politician, Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (born 1894)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1929",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929"
},
{
"text": "Mustafa Necati",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Necati"
},
{
"text": "Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Urban_Planning_(Turkey)"
},
{
"text": "[428]",
"url": "#cite_note-428"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1931 – Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (born 1851)",
"html": "1931 – Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (born 1851)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1931",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931"
},
{
"text": "Martinus Beijerinck",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Beijerinck"
},
{
"text": "[429]",
"url": "#cite_note-429"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1937 – Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian religious leader, founded the Gaudiya Math (born 1874)",
"html": "1937 – Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian religious leader, founded the Gaudiya Math (born 1874)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1937",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937"
},
{
"text": "Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati"
},
{
"text": "Gaudiya Math",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudiya_Math"
},
{
"text": "[430]",
"url": "#cite_note-430"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1940 – Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao, Indian author and educator (born 1865)",
"html": "1940 – Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao, Indian author and educator (born 1865)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1940",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940"
},
{
"text": "Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panuganti_Lakshminarasimha_Rao"
},
{
"text": "[431]",
"url": "#cite_note-431"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1943 – Jenő Rejtő, Hungarian journalist (born 1905)",
"html": "1943 – Jenő Rejtő, Hungarian journalist (born 1905)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1943",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943"
},
{
"text": "Jenő Rejtő",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenő_Rejtő"
},
{
"text": "[432]",
"url": "#cite_note-432"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Edwin Lutyens, English architect, designed the Castle Drogo and Thiepval Memorial (born 1869)",
"html": "1944 – Edwin Lutyens, English architect, designed the Castle Drogo and Thiepval Memorial (born 1869)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1944",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944"
},
{
"text": "Edwin Lutyens",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens"
},
{
"text": "Castle Drogo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Drogo"
},
{
"text": "Thiepval Memorial",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiepval_Memorial"
},
{
"text": "[433]",
"url": "#cite_note-433"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1944 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (born 1862)",
"html": "1944 – Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (born 1862)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Charles Turner",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Turner_(Australian_cricketer)"
},
{
"text": "[434]",
"url": "#cite_note-434"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1953 – Hank Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1923)",
"html": "1953 – Hank Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1923)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1953",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953"
},
{
"text": "Hank Williams",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams"
},
{
"text": "[435]",
"url": "#cite_note-435"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1955 – Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Indian colloid chemist, academic, and scientific administrator (born 1894)",
"html": "1955 – Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Indian colloid chemist, academic, and scientific administrator (born 1894)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1955",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955"
},
{
"text": "Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar"
},
{
"text": "[436]",
"url": "#cite_note-436"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1954 – Duff Cooper, English politician and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (born 1890)",
"html": "1954 – Duff Cooper, English politician and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (born 1890)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1954",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954"
},
{
"text": "Duff Cooper",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Cooper"
},
{
"text": "Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster"
},
{
"text": "[437]",
"url": "#cite_note-437"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1954 – Leonard Bacon, American poet and critic (born 1887)",
"html": "1954 – Leonard Bacon, American poet and critic (born 1887)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Leonard Bacon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bacon_(poet)"
},
{
"text": "[438]",
"url": "#cite_note-438"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist and historian (born 1881)",
"html": "1955 – Arthur C. Parker, American archaeologist and historian (born 1881)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1955",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955"
},
{
"text": "Arthur C. Parker",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Parker"
},
{
"text": "[439]",
"url": "#cite_note-439"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1958 – Edward Weston, American photographer (born 1886)",
"html": "1958 – Edward Weston, American photographer (born 1886)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1958",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958"
},
{
"text": "Edward Weston",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Weston"
},
{
"text": "[440]",
"url": "#cite_note-440"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1960 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress (born 1909)",
"html": "1960 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress (born 1909)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1960",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960"
},
{
"text": "Margaret Sullavan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sullavan"
},
{
"text": "[441]",
"url": "#cite_note-441"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1961 – Alastair Denniston, Scottish cryptologist (born 1881)",
"html": "1961 – Alastair Denniston, Scottish cryptologist (born 1881)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1961",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961"
},
{
"text": "Alastair Denniston",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_Denniston"
},
{
"text": "[442]",
"url": "#cite_note-442"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1966 – Vincent Auriol, French journalist and politician, 16th President of the French Republic (born 1884)",
"html": "1966 – Vincent Auriol, French journalist and politician, 16th President of the French Republic (born 1884)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1966",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966"
},
{
"text": "Vincent Auriol",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Auriol"
},
{
"text": "President of the French Republic",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic"
},
{
"text": "[443]",
"url": "#cite_note-Lane1995-443"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1969 – Barton MacLane, American actor, playwright and screenwriter (born 1902)",
"html": "1969 – Barton MacLane, American actor, playwright and screenwriter (born 1902)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1969",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969"
},
{
"text": "Barton MacLane",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_MacLane"
},
{
"text": "[444]",
"url": "#cite_note-444"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1971 – Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian saint (born 1894)",
"html": "1971 – Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian saint (born 1894)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1971",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971"
},
{
"text": "Amphilochius of Pochayiv",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphilochius_of_Pochayiv"
},
{
"text": "[445]",
"url": "#cite_note-445"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (born 1888)",
"html": "1972 – Maurice Chevalier, French actor and singer (born 1888)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1972",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972"
},
{
"text": "Maurice Chevalier",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier"
},
{
"text": "[446]",
"url": "#cite_note-446"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1977 – Roland Hayes, American lyric tenor and composer (born 1887)",
"html": "1977 – Roland Hayes, American lyric tenor and composer (born 1887)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1977",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977"
},
{
"text": "Roland Hayes",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Hayes"
},
{
"text": "[447]",
"url": "#cite_note-447"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1978 – Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (born 1911)",
"html": "1978 – Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (born 1911)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1978",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978"
},
{
"text": "Carle Hessay",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carle_Hessay"
},
{
"text": "[448]",
"url": "#cite_note-448"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1891)",
"html": "1980 – Pietro Nenni, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1891)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1980",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980"
},
{
"text": "Pietro Nenni",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Nenni"
},
{
"text": "Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs"
},
{
"text": "[449]",
"url": "#cite_note-449"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Australian pianist (born 1920)",
"html": "1981 – Hephzibah Menuhin, American-Australian pianist (born 1920)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1981",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981"
},
{
"text": "Hephzibah Menuhin",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephzibah_Menuhin"
},
{
"text": "[450]",
"url": "#cite_note-450"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (born 1938)",
"html": "1982 – Victor Buono, American actor (born 1938)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1982",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982"
},
{
"text": "Victor Buono",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Buono"
},
{
"text": "[451]",
"url": "#cite_note-451"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1928)",
"html": "1984 – Alexis Korner, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1928)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1984",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984"
},
{
"text": "Alexis Korner",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Korner"
},
{
"text": "[452]",
"url": "#cite_note-452"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1984 – Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega, known as \"Cagancho\", Spanish bullfighter (born 1903)",
"html": "1984 – Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega, known as \"Cagancho\", Spanish bullfighter (born 1903)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquín_Rodríguez_Ortega"
},
{
"text": "[453]",
"url": "#cite_note-453"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1988 – Clementine Hunter, American folk artist (born 1886 or 1887)",
"html": "1988 – Clementine Hunter, American folk artist (born 1886 or 1887)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1988",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988"
},
{
"text": "Clementine Hunter",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine_Hunter"
},
{
"text": "[454]",
"url": "#cite_note-454"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and admiral, co-developed COBOL (born 1906)",
"html": "1992 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist and admiral, co-developed COBOL (born 1906)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1992",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992"
},
{
"text": "Grace Hopper",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper"
},
{
"text": "COBOL",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL"
},
{
"text": "[455]",
"url": "#cite_note-455"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (born 1900)",
"html": "1994 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand physician and politician, 11th Governor-General of New Zealand (born 1900)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1994",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994"
},
{
"text": "Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Porritt,_Baron_Porritt"
},
{
"text": "Governor-General of New Zealand",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand"
},
{
"text": "[456]",
"url": "#cite_note-456"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (born 1907)",
"html": "1994 – Cesar Romero, American actor (born 1907)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Cesar Romero",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Romero"
},
{
"text": "[457]",
"url": "#cite_note-457"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, Irish historian and academic (born 1914)",
"html": "1994 – Edward Arthur Thompson, Irish historian and academic (born 1914)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Edward Arthur Thompson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Thompson"
},
{
"text": "[458]",
"url": "#cite_note-458"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902)",
"html": "1995 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1995",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995"
},
{
"text": "Eugene Wigner",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner"
},
{
"text": "Nobel Prize",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics"
},
{
"text": "[459]",
"url": "#cite_note-459"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (born 1901)",
"html": "1996 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (born 1901)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1996",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996"
},
{
"text": "Arleigh Burke",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arleigh_Burke"
},
{
"text": "[460]",
"url": "#cite_note-460"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German-American engineer (born 1906)",
"html": "1996 – Arthur Rudolph, German-American engineer (born 1906)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Arthur Rudolph",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rudolph"
},
{
"text": "[461]",
"url": "#cite_note-461"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1944)",
"html": "1997 – Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1997",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997"
},
{
"text": "Townes Van Zandt",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townes_Van_Zandt"
},
{
"text": "[462]",
"url": "#cite_note-462"
}
]
},
{
"text": "1998 – Helen Wills, American tennis player and coach (born 1905)",
"html": "1998 – Helen Wills, American tennis player and coach (born 1905)",
"links": [
{
"text": "1998",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998"
},
{
"text": "Helen Wills",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Wills"
},
{
"text": "[463]",
"url": "#cite_note-463"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (born 1914)",
"html": "2001 – Ray Walston, American actor (born 1914)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2001",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001"
},
{
"text": "Ray Walston",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Walston"
},
{
"text": "[464]",
"url": "#cite_note-464"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer and author (born 1944)",
"html": "2002 – Julia Phillips, American film producer and author (born 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2002",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002"
},
{
"text": "Julia Phillips",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Phillips"
},
{
"text": "[465]",
"url": "#cite_note-465"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2003 – Joe Foss, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 20th Governor of South Dakota (born 1915)",
"html": "2003 – Joe Foss, American soldier, pilot, and politician, 20th Governor of South Dakota (born 1915)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2003",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003"
},
{
"text": "Joe Foss",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Foss"
},
{
"text": "Governor of South Dakota",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Dakota"
},
{
"text": "[466]",
"url": "#cite_note-466"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American educator and politician (born 1924)",
"html": "2005 – Shirley Chisholm, American educator and politician (born 1924)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2005",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005"
},
{
"text": "Shirley Chisholm",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm"
},
{
"text": "[467]",
"url": "#cite_note-467"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2005 – Ngo Van, Vietnamese revolutionary (born 1913)",
"html": "2005 – Ngo Van, Vietnamese revolutionary (born 1913)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ngo Van",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Van"
},
{
"text": "[468]",
"url": "#cite_note-468"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2006 – Harry Magdoff, American economist and journalist (born 1913)",
"html": "2006 – Harry Magdoff, American economist and journalist (born 1913)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2006",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"
},
{
"text": "Harry Magdoff",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Magdoff"
},
{
"text": "[469]",
"url": "#cite_note-469"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African-English biochemist and academic (born 1943)",
"html": "2007 – Roland Levinsky, South African-English biochemist and academic (born 1943)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2007",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"
},
{
"text": "Roland Levinsky",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Levinsky"
},
{
"text": "[470]",
"url": "#cite_note-470"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2007 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (born 1912)",
"html": "2007 – Tillie Olsen, American short story writer (born 1912)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Tillie Olsen",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillie_Olsen"
},
{
"text": "[471]",
"url": "#cite_note-471"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2007 – Darrent Williams, American football player (born 1982)",
"html": "2007 – Darrent Williams, American football player (born 1982)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Darrent Williams",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrent_Williams"
},
{
"text": "[472]",
"url": "#cite_note-472"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Indian educator and politician (born 1919)",
"html": "2008 – Pratap Chandra Chunder, Indian educator and politician (born 1919)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2008",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"
},
{
"text": "Pratap Chandra Chunder",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Chunder"
},
{
"text": "[473]",
"url": "#cite_note-473"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2009 – Claiborne Pell, American politician (born 1918)",
"html": "2009 – Claiborne Pell, American politician (born 1918)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2009",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009"
},
{
"text": "Claiborne Pell",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claiborne_Pell"
},
{
"text": "[474]",
"url": "#cite_note-474"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2009 – Helen Suzman, South African anti-apartheid activist and politician (born 1917)",
"html": "2009 – Helen Suzman, South African anti-apartheid activist and politician (born 1917)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Helen Suzman",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Suzman"
},
{
"text": "[475]",
"url": "#cite_note-475"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2010 – Lhasa de Sela, American-Mexican singer-songwriter (born 1972)",
"html": "2010 – Lhasa de Sela, American-Mexican singer-songwriter (born 1972)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2010",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010"
},
{
"text": "Lhasa de Sela",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_de_Sela"
},
{
"text": "[476]",
"url": "#cite_note-476"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2012 – Bob Anderson, English fencer (born 1922)",
"html": "2012 – Bob Anderson, English fencer (born 1922)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2012",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012"
},
{
"text": "Bob Anderson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Anderson_(fencer)"
},
{
"text": "[477]",
"url": "#cite_note-477"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2012 – Kiro Gligorov, Macedonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (born 1917)",
"html": "2012 – Kiro Gligorov, Macedonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Macedonia (born 1917)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Kiro Gligorov",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiro_Gligorov"
},
{
"text": "President of the Republic of Macedonia",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Macedonia"
},
{
"text": "[478]",
"url": "#cite_note-478"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2012 – Nay Win Maung, Burmese physician, businessman, and activist (born 1962)",
"html": "2012 – Nay Win Maung, Burmese physician, businessman, and activist (born 1962)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Nay Win Maung",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nay_Win_Maung"
},
{
"text": "[479]",
"url": "#cite_note-479"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2012 – Tommy Mont, American football player and coach (born 1922)",
"html": "2012 – Tommy Mont, American football player and coach (born 1922)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Tommy Mont",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Mont"
},
{
"text": "[480]",
"url": "#cite_note-480"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2013 – Christopher Martin-Jenkins, English journalist (born 1945)",
"html": "2013 – Christopher Martin-Jenkins, English journalist (born 1945)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2013",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013"
},
{
"text": "Christopher Martin-Jenkins",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Martin-Jenkins"
},
{
"text": "[481]",
"url": "#cite_note-481"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2013 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (born 1927)",
"html": "2013 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (born 1927)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Patti Page",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patti_Page"
},
{
"text": "[482]",
"url": "#cite_note-482"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2014 – Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese monk and educator (born 1910)",
"html": "2014 – Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese monk and educator (born 1910)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2014",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014"
},
{
"text": "Higashifushimi Kunihide",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higashifushimi_Kunihide"
},
{
"text": "[483]",
"url": "#cite_note-483"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2014 – William Mgimwa, Tanzanian banker and politician, 13th Tanzanian Minister of Finance (born 1950)",
"html": "2014 – William Mgimwa, Tanzanian banker and politician, 13th Tanzanian Minister of Finance (born 1950)",
"links": [
{
"text": "William Mgimwa",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mgimwa"
},
{
"text": "Tanzanian Minister of Finance",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Tanzania)"
},
{
"text": "[484]",
"url": "#cite_note-484"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (born 1914)",
"html": "2014 – Juanita Moore, American actress (born 1914)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Juanita Moore",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juanita_Moore"
},
{
"text": "[485]",
"url": "#cite_note-485"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (born 1944)",
"html": "2015 – Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (born 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Ulrich Beck",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Beck"
},
{
"text": "[486]",
"url": "#cite_note-486"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (born 1932)",
"html": "2015 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (born 1932)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mario Cuomo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Cuomo"
},
{
"text": "Governor of New York",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_York"
},
{
"text": "[487]",
"url": "#cite_note-487"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (born 1932)",
"html": "2015 – Donna Douglas, American actress (born 1932)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Donna Douglas",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Douglas"
},
{
"text": "[488]",
"url": "#cite_note-488"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – Omar Karami, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Lebanon (born 1934)",
"html": "2015 – Omar Karami, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Lebanon (born 1934)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Omar Karami",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Karami"
},
{
"text": "Prime Minister of Lebanon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon"
},
{
"text": "[489]",
"url": "#cite_note-489"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – Boris Morukov, Russian physician and astronaut (born 1950)",
"html": "2015 – Boris Morukov, Russian physician and astronaut (born 1950)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Boris Morukov",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Morukov"
},
{
"text": "[490]",
"url": "#cite_note-490"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2015 – William Lloyd Standish, United States District Judge (born 1930)",
"html": "2015 – William Lloyd Standish, United States District Judge (born 1930)",
"links": [
{
"text": "William Lloyd Standish",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lloyd_Standish"
},
{
"text": "United States District Judge",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Judge"
},
{
"text": "[491]",
"url": "#cite_note-491"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (born 1932)",
"html": "2016 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (born 1932)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2016",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016"
},
{
"text": "Fazu Aliyeva",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazu_Aliyeva"
},
{
"text": "[492]",
"url": "#cite_note-492"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2016 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (born 1925)",
"html": "2016 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (born 1925)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Dale Bumpers",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Bumpers"
},
{
"text": "Governor of Arkansas",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Arkansas"
},
{
"text": "[493]",
"url": "#cite_note-493"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (born 1930)",
"html": "2016 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (born 1930)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Vilmos Zsigmond",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilmos_Zsigmond"
},
{
"text": "[494]",
"url": "#cite_note-494"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2017 – Tony Atkinson, British economist (born 1944)",
"html": "2017 – Tony Atkinson, British economist (born 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2017",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017"
},
{
"text": "Tony Atkinson",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Atkinson"
},
{
"text": "[495]",
"url": "#cite_note-495"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2017 – Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (born 1926)",
"html": "2017 – Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (born 1926)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Yvon Dupuis",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvon_Dupuis"
},
{
"text": "[496]",
"url": "#cite_note-496"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist (born 1920)",
"html": "2018 – Robert Mann, American violinist (born 1920)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2018",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018"
},
{
"text": "Robert Mann",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mann"
},
{
"text": "[497]",
"url": "#cite_note-497"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2018 – Jon Paul Steuer, American actor (born 1984)",
"html": "2018 – Jon Paul Steuer, American actor (born 1984)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Jon Paul Steuer",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Paul_Steuer"
},
{
"text": "[498]",
"url": "#cite_note-498"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2019 – Paul Neville, Australian politician (born 1940)",
"html": "2019 – Paul Neville, Australian politician (born 1940)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2019",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019"
},
{
"text": "Paul Neville",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Neville_(politician)"
},
{
"text": "[499]",
"url": "#cite_note-499"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2019 – Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist (born 1952)",
"html": "2019 – Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist (born 1952)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Pegi Young",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegi_Young"
},
{
"text": "1952",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952"
},
{
"text": "[500]",
"url": "#cite_note-500"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2019 – George, last known Achatinella apexfulva (born c. 2004)",
"html": "2019 – George, last known Achatinella apexfulva (born c. 2004)",
"links": [
{
"text": "George",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_(snail)"
},
{
"text": "last known",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endling"
},
{
"text": "Achatinella apexfulva",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achatinella_apexfulva"
},
{
"text": "[501]",
"url": "#cite_note-Atlantic-501"
},
{
"text": "[502]",
"url": "#cite_note-502"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2020 – Lexii Alijai, American rapper (born 1998)",
"html": "2020 – Lexii Alijai, American rapper (born 1998)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2020",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020"
},
{
"text": "Lexii Alijai",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexii_Alijai"
},
{
"text": "[503]",
"url": "#cite_note-503"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2020 – Alexander Frater, British travel writer and journalist (born 1937)",
"html": "2020 – Alexander Frater, British travel writer and journalist (born 1937)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Alexander Frater",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Frater"
},
{
"text": "[504]",
"url": "#cite_note-504"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2020 – Don Larsen, American baseball player (born 1929)",
"html": "2020 – Don Larsen, American baseball player (born 1929)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Don Larsen",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Larsen"
},
{
"text": "[505]",
"url": "#cite_note-505"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2020 – Barry McDonald, Australian rugby union player (born 1940)",
"html": "2020 – Barry McDonald, Australian rugby union player (born 1940)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Barry McDonald",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_McDonald_(rugby_union)"
},
{
"text": "[506]",
"url": "#cite_note-506"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2020 – David Stern, American lawyer and businessman (born 1942)",
"html": "2020 – David Stern, American lawyer and businessman (born 1942)",
"links": [
{
"text": "David Stern",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Stern"
},
{
"text": "[507]",
"url": "#cite_note-507"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2021 – Carlos do Carmo, Portuguese fado singer (born 1939)",
"html": "2021 – Carlos do Carmo, Portuguese fado singer (born 1939)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2021",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021"
},
{
"text": "Carlos do Carmo",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_do_Carmo"
},
{
"text": "fado",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fado"
},
{
"text": "[508]",
"url": "#cite_note-508"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2021 – Mark Eden, English actor (born 1928)",
"html": "2021 – Mark Eden, English actor (born 1928)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Mark Eden",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Eden"
},
{
"text": "[509]",
"url": "#cite_note-509"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2021 – Elmira Minita Gordon, Belizean educator and psychologist (born 1930)",
"html": "2021 – Elmira Minita Gordon, Belizean educator and psychologist (born 1930)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Elmira Minita Gordon",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_Minita_Gordon"
},
{
"text": "[510]",
"url": "#cite_note-510"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2021 – Floyd Little, American football player (born 1942)",
"html": "2021 – Floyd Little, American football player (born 1942)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Floyd Little",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Little"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2022 – Gary Burgess, British broadcaster and journalist (born 1975)",
"html": "2022 – Gary Burgess, British broadcaster and journalist (born 1975)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2022",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022"
},
{
"text": "Gary Burgess",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Burgess"
},
{
"text": "[511]",
"url": "#cite_note-511"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2022 – Dan Reeves, American football player and coach (born 1944)",
"html": "2022 – Dan Reeves, American football player and coach (born 1944)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Dan Reeves",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Reeves"
},
{
"text": "[512]",
"url": "#cite_note-512"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2023 – Fred White, American musician and songwriter (born 1955)",
"html": "2023 – Fred White, American musician and songwriter (born 1955)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2023",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023"
},
{
"text": "Fred White",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_White_(musician)"
},
{
"text": "[513]",
"url": "#cite_note-513"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2024 – Lynja, American celebrity chef and YouTuber (born 1956)",
"html": "2024 – Lynja, American celebrity chef and YouTuber (born 1956)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2024",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024"
},
{
"text": "Lynja",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynja"
},
{
"text": "[514]",
"url": "#cite_note-514"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2025 – David Lodge, English author and critic (born 1935)",
"html": "2025 – David Lodge, English author and critic (born 1935)",
"links": [
{
"text": "2025",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025"
},
{
"text": "David Lodge",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lodge_(author)"
},
{
"text": "[515]",
"url": "#cite_note-515"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2025 – Chad Morgan, Australian musician (born 1933)",
"html": "2025 – Chad Morgan, Australian musician (born 1933)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Chad Morgan",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Morgan"
},
{
"text": "[516]",
"url": "#cite_note-516"
}
]
},
{
"text": "2025 – Wayne Osmond, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1951)",
"html": "2025 – Wayne Osmond, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1951)",
"links": [
{
"text": "Wayne Osmond",
"url": "//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Osmond"
},
{
"text": "[517]",
"url": "#cite_note-517"
}
]
}
]
}
}